Linguistic Differentiation Sample Clauses

Linguistic Differentiation. Scholars of Hindi and Urdu claim their legitimacy as different languages because their standardized forms “diverge so much from each other at the higher, more learned, levels that they are almost unintelligible for the speakers of the other variety” (Rahman 2011, 4). While the criterion of intelligibility has both critics and supporters in the field of dialectology, the debate over its legitimacy as a judge of linguistic difference is secondary to its past- and therefore possibly future- discursive use in a national linguistic debate (Xxxxxxx 2004, 48; Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx 1998, 4). Furthermore, it is worth noting that these higher forms became the basis by which Hindi and Urdu were categorized as different languages. Despite an almost identical shared grammar system and basic vocabulary, as well as significantly overlapping phonological inventories, Hindi and Urdu are considered different languages based linguistically on lexical influence and specific grammatical constructions—factors that in other contexts signal nothing more than a shift in dialect (Shackle and Xxxxx 1990, 23). The low varieties of Urdu and Hindi are practically indistinguishable from Hindustani, as is the lower register of Hinglish: the less English influence appears in a Hinglish sentence, the more it resembles Hindustani with some borrowings. While this may pose a problem in terms of purely linguistic identification, it corresponds with the pattern of categorization set by Hindi and Urdu. In other words, there is nothing linguistically unique about Hindi or Urdu that make them more language-like than Hinglish; simply the social impetus to label them as such. In the same way, it may be impossible to provide uncontroversial evidence that Hinglish is linguistically more than a variation of Hindi. However, following precedents from the Hindi-Urdu debate, one can identify aspects of Hinglish that were historically considered indicative of a separate language. Even such small English influences as sentence structure in a lexically-Hindi sentence may be considered Hinglish using the same historical criteria: this very argument was used by some to label Insha Allah Khan’s Rani Xxxxx ki Kahaani a work of Urdu because of a “Persianized word order” (King 1994, 29). It is clear that social and political factors played a much greater role than linguistic criteria in declaring Hindi and Urdu two separate languages. Similarly, the development or legitimacy of Hinglish need not require complete li...
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Related to Linguistic Differentiation

  • Bilingual Differential When formally assigned in the employee’s position description, an employee assigned to interpret to or from another language to English will receive a differential of five percent (5%) of base pay.

  • Referrals It is expected that through employee awareness and educational programs, employees will seek information and/or assistance on their own initiative. Such requests will be processed as voluntary and informal rather than formal referrals.

  • Preceptor Differential The Hospital shall pay a differential of $1.50 per hour to a nurse who is designated by nursing management to serve as a preceptor to provide on-the-job training to newly hired nurses. One differential will be paid per shift per orientee to the primary preceptor for all hours served as the primary preceptor for that shift. Preceptor will only be paid while the newly hired nurse is in a one-to-one status. Preceptor is a voluntary assignment and the nurse has the option to refuse the preceptor assignment.

  • Bilingual Differential Pay Bilingual Differential Pay applies to those positions designated by the Department of Personnel Administration as eligible to receive bilingual pay according to the following standards:

  • STATEWIDE ACHIEVEMENT TESTING When CONTRACTOR is an NPS, per implementation of Senate Bill 484, CONTRACTOR shall administer all Statewide assessments within the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (“CAASP”), Desired Results Developmental Profile (“DRDP”), California Alternative Assessment (“CAA”), achievement and abilities tests (using LEA-authorized assessment instruments), the Fitness Gram with the exception of the English Language Proficiency Assessments for California (“ELPAC”) to be completed by the LEA, and as appropriate to the student, and mandated by XXX xxxxxxxx to LEA and state and federal guidelines. CONTRACTOR is subject to the alternative accountability system developed pursuant to Education Code section 52052, in the same manner as public schools. Each LEA student placed with CONTRACTOR by the LEA shall be tested by qualified staff of CONTRACTOR in accordance with that accountability program. XXX shall provide test administration training to CONTRACTOR’S qualified staff. CONTRACTOR shall attend LEA test training and comply with completion of all coding requirements as required by XXX.

  • Shift Differentials A shift differential of thirty-five cents ($.35) per hour shall be paid for shifts starting between 2:00 p.m. and 9:59 p.m. for employees regularly assigned to such shifts. A shift differential of forty-five cents ($.45) per hour shall be paid for shifts starting between 10:00 p.m. and 3:00 a.m. for employees regularly assigned to such shifts. The differential provided herein shall be part of base pay for overtime pay and other purposes. Employees at the Maine State Prison who are regularly assigned to the 5:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. shift are to be paid a shift differential of forty-five cents ($.45) per hour. Employees of mental health and correctional facilities shall be eligible for the second shift differential when their shift begins between 12:00 noon and 4:59 p.m.

  • Extra Trips A. Field trips (extra trips) shall be provided by rotation on a list composed of regular drivers who volunteer in descending order of classification seniority (defined in Article 39).

  • Leadwork Differential (a) Leadwork differential shall be defined as a differential for employees who have been formally assigned by their supervisor in writing, “leadwork” duties for ten (10) consecutive calendar days (or the equivalent thereof for alternate or flexible schedules) or longer provided the leadwork or team leader duties are not included in the classification specification for the employee’s position. Leadwork is where, on a recurring daily basis, the employee has been directed to perform substantially all of the following functions: to orient new employees, if appropriate; assign and reassign tasks to accomplish prescribed work efficiently; give direction to workers concerning work procedures; transmit established standards of performance to workers; review work of employees for conformance to standards; and provide informal assessment of workers’ performance to the supervisor.

  • Shift Differential The shift differential for employees working on assigned shifts which begin before 6:00 A.M. or which end at or after 7:00 P.M. shall be sixty-five cents ($0.65) per hour for all hours worked on that shift. Such shift differential shall be in addition to the employee's regular rate of pay and shall be included in all payroll calculations, but shall not apply during periods of paid leave. Employees working the regular day schedule who are required to work overtime or who are called back to work for special projects shall not be eligible for the shift differential.

  • Community Based Adult Intensive Service (AIS) and Child and Family Intensive Treatment (CFIT) – AIS/CFIT programs offer services primarily based in the home and community for qualifying adults and children with moderate- to-severe mental health conditions. These programs consist at a minimum of ongoing emergency/crisis evaluations, psychiatric assessment, medication evaluation and management, case management, psychiatric nursing services, and individual, group, and family therapy. In a Provider’s Office/In Your Home This plan covers individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and family therapy when rendered by: • Psychiatrists; • Licensed Clinical Psychologists; • Licensed Independent Clinical Social Workers; • Advance Practice Registered Nurses (Clinical Nurse Specialists/Nurse Practitioners- Behavioral Health); • Licensed Mental Health Counselors; and • Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists. Psychological Testing This plan covers psychological testing as a behavioral health benefit when rendered by: • neuropsychologists; • psychologists; or • pediatric neurodevelopmental specialists. This plan covers neuropsychological testing as described in the Tests, Labs and Imaging section.

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