Meetings of Members The annual meeting of the Members shall be held on (day/month) at the principal office of the Company or at such other time and place as the Members determine, for the purpose of transacting such business as may lawfully come before the meeting. If the day fixed for the annual meeting shall be a legal holiday, such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day. The Members may by resolution prescribe the time and place for the holding of regular meetings and may provide that the adoption of such resolution shall constitute notice of such regular meetings. Special meetings of the Members, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by any Members (or such other number of Members as the Members from time to time may specify). Written or electronic notice stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than three days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, to each Member of record entitled to vote at such meeting. When all the Members of the Company are present at any meeting, or if those not present sign a written waiver of notice of such meeting, or subsequently ratify all the proceedings thereof, the transactions of such meeting shall be valid as if a meeting had been formally called and notice had been given. At any meeting of the Members, the presence of Members holding a majority of the Members’ Percentage Interests, as determined from the books of the Company, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the conduct of the general business of the Company. However, if any particular action by the Company shall require the vote or consent of some other number or percentage of Members pursuant to this Agreement, a quorum for the purpose of taking such action shall require such other number or percentage of Members. If a quorum is not present, the meeting may be adjourned from time to time without further notice, and if a quorum is present at the adjourned meeting any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. The Members present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough Members to leave less a quorum. At all meetings of the Members, a Member may vote by proxy executed in writing by the Member or by a duly authorized attorney-in-fact of the Member. Such proxy shall be filed with the Company before or at the time of the meeting. A Member of the Company who is present at a meeting of the Members at which action on any matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken, unless the dissent of such Member shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless such Member shall file a written dissent to such action with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the meeting’s adjournment. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Member who voted in favor of such action. Unless otherwise provided by law, any action required to be taken at a meeting of the Members, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the Members, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the Members entitled to vote with respect to the subject. Members of the Company may participate in any meeting of the Members by means of conference telephone or similar communication if all persons participating in such meeting can hear one another for the entire discussion of the matters to be vote upon. Participation in a meeting pursuant to this paragraph shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. (Check if Applicable)
Special Meetings of Stockholders Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the special meeting has been called in accordance with paragraph (a) of Section 2.3 for the purpose of electing directors, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 2.11 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more individuals to the Board of Directors, any stockholder may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice, containing the information required by paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this Section 2.11, is delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement, if any, is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. The public announcement, if any, of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
Meetings of Stockholders (a) Promptly after the date hereof, the Company will take all action necessary in accordance with Delaware Law and its Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws to convene the Company Stockholders' Meeting to be held as promptly as practicable, for the purpose of voting upon this Agreement. The Company will consult with Parent and use its commercially reasonable efforts to hold the Company Stockholders' Meeting on the same day as the Parent Stockholders' Meeting. Promptly after the date hereof, Parent will take all action necessary in accordance with Delaware Law and its Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws to convene the Parent Stockholders' Meeting to be held as promptly as practicable for the purpose of voting upon the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock by virtue of the Merger. Parent will consult with the Company and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to hold the Parent Stockholders' Meeting on the same day as the Company Stockholders' Meeting. Subject to Sections 5.2(c) and 5.2(d), Parent and the Company will each use its commercially reasonable efforts to solicit from its stockholders proxies in favor of the adoption and approval of this Agreement and the approval of the Merger and will take all other action necessary or advisable to secure the vote or consent of their respective stockholders or stockholders required by the rules of Nasdaq or Delaware Law and all other applicable legal requirements to obtain such approvals.
(b) Subject to Sections 5.2(c) and 5.2(d): (i) the Board of Directors of the Company shall recommend that the Company's stockholders vote in favor of and adopt this Agreement at the Company Stockholders' Meeting, and the Board of Directors of Parent shall recommend that Parent's stockholders vote in favor of the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock in the Merger at the Parent Stockholders' Meeting; (ii) the Proxy Statement shall include a statement to the effect that the Board of Directors of the Company has recommended that the Company's stockholders vote in favor of and adopt this Agreement at the Company Stockholders' Meeting, and a statement to the effect that the Board of Directors of Parent has recommended that Parent's stockholders vote in favor of the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock in the Merger at the Parent Stockholders' Meeting; and (iii) neither the Board of Directors of the Company, the Board of Directors of Parent, nor any committee of either shall withdraw, amend or modify, or propose or resolve to withdraw, amend or modify in a manner adverse to the other party, the recommendations set forth in subsections 5.2(b)(i) or 5.2(b)(ii).
(c) Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Board of Directors of the Company from withholding, withdrawing, amending or modifying its recommendation in favor of the Merger if (i) a Company Superior Offer (as defined below) is made to the Company and is not withdrawn, (ii) neither the Company nor any of its representatives shall have violated any of the restrictions set forth in Section 5.4(a), and (iii) the Board of Directors of the Company concludes in good faith, after consultation with its outside counsel, that, in light of such Company Superior Offer, the withholding, withdrawal, amendment or modification of such recommendation is required in order for the Board of Directors of the Company to comply with its fiduciary obligations to the Company's stockholders under applicable law. Nothing contained in this Section 5.2 shall limit the Company's obligation to hold and convene the Company Stockholders' Meeting (regardless of whether the recommendation of the Board of Directors of the Company shall have been withdrawn, amended or modified). For purposes of this Agreement, "COMPANY SUPERIOR OFFER" shall mean an unsolicited, bona fide written offer made by a third party to consummate any of the following transactions: (i) a merger, consolidation, business combination, recapitalization or similar transaction involving the Company, pursuant to which the stockholders of the Company immediately preceding such transaction hold less than 50% of the equity interest in the surviving or resulting entity of such transaction; (ii) a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of its assets, or (iii) the acquisition by any person or group (including by way of a tender offer or an exchange offer or issuance by the Company), directly or indirectly, of beneficial ownership or a right to acquire beneficial ownership of shares representing in excess of 50% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company, in each case on terms that the Board of Directors of the Company determines, in its reasonable judgment (after consultation with its financial advisor) to be more favorable to the Company stockholders from a financial point of view than the terms of the Merger; provided, however, that any such offer shall not be deemed to be a "COMPANY SUPERIOR OFFER" if any financing required to consummate the transaction contemplated by such offer is not committed and is not likely in the judgment of the Company's Board of Directors to be obtained by such third party on a timely basis.
Meetings of Shareholders The Trust shall hold annual meetings of the Shareholders (provided that the Trust's initial annual meeting of Shareholders may occur up to one year after the completion of its initial fiscal year). A special meeting of Shareholders may be called at any time by a majority of the Trustees or the President and shall be called by any Trustee for any proper purpose upon written request of Shareholders of the Trust holding in the aggregate not less than 51% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust or class or series of Shares having voting rights on the matter, such request specifying the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is to be called. Any shareholder meeting, including a Special Meeting, shall be held within or without the State of Delaware on such day and at such time as the Trustees shall designate.
Meetings of the Members (a) Meetings of the Members may be called upon the written request of any Manager or Member. The call shall state the location of the meeting and the nature of the business to be transacted. Notice of any such meeting shall be given to all Members not less than one (1) Business Day nor more than thirty (30) days prior to the date of such meeting. Members may vote in person, by proxy or by telephone at such meeting and may waive advance notice of such meeting. Whenever the vote or consent of Members is permitted or required under this Agreement, such vote or consent may be given at a meeting of the Members or may be given in accordance with the procedure prescribed in this Section 6.3.
(b) Each Member may authorize any Person or Persons to act for it by proxy on all matters in which a Member is entitled to participate, including waiving notice of any meeting, or voting or participating at a meeting. Every proxy must be signed by the Member or its attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy prior to its exercise shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Member executing it.
(c) Each meeting of the Members shall be conducted by the Member or Manager calling the meeting.
(d) Notwithstanding this Section 6.3, the Company may take any action contemplated under this Agreement as approved by the consent of the Members, such consent to be provided in writing, or by telephone or facsimile, if such telephone conversation or facsimile is followed by a written summary of the telephone conversation or facsimile communication sent by registered or certified mail, postage and charges prepaid, addressed as described in Section 13.1 hereof, or to such other address as such Person may from time to time specify by notice to the Members and the Manager.
Meetings of the Partners (i) Meetings of the Partners may be called by the General Partner and shall be called upon the receipt by the General Partner of a written request by Limited Partners holding 25 percent or more of the Partnership Interests.
(ii) The request shall state the nature of the business to be transacted.
(iii) Notice of any such meeting shall be given to all Partners not less than seven (7) days nor more than thirty (30) days prior to the date of such meeting.
(iv) Partners may vote in person or by proxy at such meeting.
(v) Whenever the vote or Consent of the Limited Partners is permitted or required under this Agreement, such vote or Consent may be given at a meeting of the Partners or may be given in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Section 14.1(a) hereof.
(vi) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the Consent of holders of a majority of the Percentage Interests held by Partners (including the General Partner) shall control.
(i) Subject to Section 14.2(a)(vi), any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Partners may be taken without a meeting if a written consent setting forth the action so taken is signed by a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Partners (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement).
(ii) Such consent may be in one instrument or in several instruments, and shall have the same force and effect as a vote of a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Partners (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement).
(iii) Such consent shall be filed with the General Partner.
(iv) An action so taken shall be deemed to have been taken at a meeting held on the effective date of the consent as certified by the General Partner.
(i) Each Limited Partner may authorize any Person or Persons to act for him by proxy on all matters in which a Limited Partner is entitled to participate, including waiving notice of any meeting, or voting or participating at a meeting.
(ii) Every proxy must be signed by the Partner or an attorney-in-fact and a copy thereof delivered to the Partnership.
(iii) No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy.
(iv) Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Partner executing it, such revocation to be effective upon the General Partner’s receipt of written notice of such revocation from the Partner executing such proxy.
(i) Each meeting of the Partners shall be conducted by the General Partner or such other Person as the General Partner may appoint pursuant to such rules for the conduct of the meeting as the General Partner or such other Person deems appropriate.
(ii) Meetings of Partners may be conducted in the same manner as meetings of the stockholders of the General Partner and may be held at the same time, and as part of, meetings of the stockholders of the General Partner.
Annual Meetings of Stockholders (1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting of stockholders may be made (A) by or at the direction of the Board or a committee appointed by the Board, or (B) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 17(a), on the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting of stockholders and at the time of such annual meeting of stockholders, (ii) who is entitled to vote at the annual meeting of stockholders, and (iii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 17(a) as to such nominations, including, but not limited to, the procedures regarding such notice’s timeliness and required form.
(2) For a stockholder’s notice of nomination of persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting of stockholders to be brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 17(a)(1)(B) of these Bylaws, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof, in proper written form, to the Secretary. To be considered timely, a stockholder’s notice of nomination must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) calendar day, and not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) calendar day, prior to the first anniversary of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is more than thirty (30) calendar days earlier or more than sixty (60) calendar days later than such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so delivered or received not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) calendar day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) calendar day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if the first public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is less than one hundred (100) calendar days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the tenth (10th) calendar day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the public disclosure thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice of nomination to the Secretary (whether given pursuant to this Section 17(a) or Section 17(b) of these Bylaws) shall set forth in writing the following: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person; (ii) the principal occupation and employment of such person; (iii) the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such person (which information shall be supplemented not later than ten (10) calendar days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date); (iv) such person’s executed written consent to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; (v) all information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made with the SEC in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (or pursuant to any law or statute replacing such section), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (vi) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such person being nominated, on the one hand, and the stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person, on the other hand, including, without limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act if the stockholder making the nomination and any Stockholder Associated Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the person being nominated were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and (vii) the information, questionnaire and agreement required under Section 16 of these Bylaws; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger, and the name and address of any Stockholder Associated Person; (ii) (A) the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and/or of record by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, documentary evidence of such record or beneficial ownership, and the date or dates such shares were acquired and the investment intent at the time such shares were acquired, (B) any Derivative Instrument directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and any other direct or indirect right held by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person to profit from, or share in any profit derived from, any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation, (C) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person has a right to vote any shares of any security of the Corporation, (D) any Short Interest indirectly or directly held by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in any security issued by the Corporation, (E) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (F) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, and (G) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including without limitation any such interests held by members of such stockholder’s or any Stockholder Associated Person’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall, in each case, be supplemented by such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person not later than ten (10) calendar days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date); (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder; (iv) any material interest of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in the election of such proposed nominee, individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person therefrom; (v) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons named in its notice; (vi) a representation from the stockholder as to whether the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends (A) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the person proposed as a nominee and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of the election of such person; (vii) whether and the extent to which any agreement, arrangement or understanding has been made, the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any shares of the capital stock of the Corporation, without regard to whether such transaction is required to be reported on a Schedule 13D or other form in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any successor provisions thereto and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (viii) any other information relating to such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made with the SEC in connection with solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (or pursuant to any law or statute replacing such section) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. In addition to the information required above, the Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 17 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board at an annual meeting of the stockholders is increased and there is no public disclosure by the Corporation, naming all of the nominees for directors or specifying the size of the increased Board, at least ninety (90) calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 17 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) calendar day following the day on which such public disclosure is first made by the Corporation.
Meetings of Managers Meetings of the Managers may be held when called by any Managers or Manager. The Manager or Managers calling any meeting shall cause notice to be given of such meeting, including therein the time, date and place of such meeting, to each Manager at least two Business Days before such meeting. The business to be transacted at, or the purpose of, any meeting of the Managers shall be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of any such meeting. If fewer than all of the Managers are present in person, by telephone or by proxy, business transacted at any such meeting shall be confined to the business or purposes specifically stated in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.
Meetings of Partners (a) Actions requiring the vote of the Partners may be taken at any duly constituted meeting of the Partners at which a quorum is present or by means of a written consent. Meetings of the Partners may be called by the General Partner, by the affirmative vote of a majority of Directors then in office, or by Partners holding at least a majority of the total number of votes eligible to be cast by all Partners, and may be held at any time, date and place determined by the General Partner in the case of meetings called by the General Partner or the Partners and at any time, date and place determined by the Directors in the case of meetings called by the Directors. In each case, the General Partner will provide notice of the meeting, stating the date, time and place of the meeting and the record date for the meeting, to each Partner entitled to vote at the meeting within a reasonable time prior to the meeting. Failure to receive notice of a meeting on the part of any Partner will not affect the validity of any act or proceeding of the meeting, so long as a quorum is present at the meeting. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, only matters set out in the notice of a meeting may be voted on by the Partners at the meeting. The presence in person or by proxy of Partners holding a majority of the total number of votes eligible to be cast by all Partners as of the record date will constitute a quorum at any meeting of Partners. In the absence of a quorum, a meeting may be adjourned to the time or times as determined by the General Partner and communicated to the Directors in the manner described above in this Section 3.4(a). Except as otherwise required by any provision of this Agreement or of the 1940 Act, (1) those candidates receiving a plurality of the votes cast at any meeting of Partners called pursuant to Section 2.11(c) of this Agreement or elected pursuant to the requirement of Section 2.11(b) will be elected as Directors and (2) all other actions of the Partners taken at a meeting will require the affirmative vote of Partners holding a majority of the total number of votes eligible to be cast by those Partners who are present in person or by proxy at the meeting.
(b) Each Partner will be entitled to cast at any meeting of Partners or pursuant to written consent a number of votes equivalent to the Partner’s Investment Percentage as of the record date for the meeting or the date of the written consent. The General Partner will establish a record date not less than 10 nor more than 60 days prior to the date of any meeting of Partners or mailing (including by electronic transmission) to the Partners of any written consent, to determine eligibility to vote at the meeting and the number of votes that each Partner will be entitled to cast at the meeting, and will maintain for each record date a list setting out the name of each Partner and the number of votes that each Partner will be entitled to cast at the meeting.
(c) A Partner may vote at any meeting of Partners by a properly executed proxy transmitted to the Partnership at any time at or before the time of the meeting by telegram, telecopier or other means of electronic communication or other readable reproduction as contemplated by the provisions relating to proxies applicable to corporations incorporated under the laws of Delaware now or in the future in effect. A proxy may be suspended or revoked, as the case may be, by the Partner executing the proxy by a later writing delivered to the Partnership at any time prior to exercise of the proxy or if the Partner executing the proxy is present at the meeting and votes in person. Any action of the Partners that is permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Partners may be taken without a meeting if consents in writing, setting out the action to be taken, are signed by Partners holding a majority of the total number of votes eligible to be cast or any greater percentage as may be required under this Agreement to approve the action.
Meetings of Holders No annual meeting of Holders is required to be held. The Property Trustee, however, shall call a meeting of Holders to vote on any matter upon the written request of the Holders of record of 25% of the aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Capital Securities and the Administrators or the Property Trustee may, at any time in their discretion, call a meeting of Holders of Capital Securities to vote on any matters as to which Holders are entitled to vote. Holders of at least a Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Capital Securities, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of Holders of the Capital Securities. If a quorum is present at a meeting, an affirmative vote by the Holders of record present, in person or by proxy, holding Capital Securities representing at least a Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Capital Securities held by the Holders present, either in person or by proxy, at such meeting shall constitute the action of the Holders of Capital Securities, unless this Trust Agreement requires a greater number of affirmative votes.
