National interoperability standards. In Spain, a huge effort has been made in recent years to digitize public institutions and to commit to transparency. Each region has its own information systems and communication between them is necessary. This fact has caused the need to create a regulatory framework on interoperability standards in order to be able to exchange information between the Spanish municipal and regional entities. At the beginning of 2010, the Royal Decree 4/2010 for the National Scheme of Interoperability for Government was published, regulating the National Interoperability Scheme in the field of Electronic Administration of Spanish municipal and regional entities. This decree describes the term interoperability as the capacity of information systems and procedures to share data and enable the exchange of information and knowledge between them. It also indicates that interoperability for the development of services offered by public administrations was impractical. However, it is worth highlighting the fact that this decree is limited to establish the criteria, recommendations and principles that allow the development of interoperability of public administrations from a global and not fragmentary perspective. Furthermore, it is also important to note that the National Interoperability Scheme addresses the organizational, semantic and technical aspects of interoperability, as well as the simplification and propagation of it. Prior to this decree, the interoperability term was mentioned in Law 11/2007 of June 2007. This law regulates the electronic access of citizens to public services and refers to interoperability as one of the mandatory aspects of regulation by the Spanish government. In addition, it was based on the principle of cooperation and became one of the protagonists of the necessary impulse of the electronic administration in public entities. This law also indicates the fact of ensuring interoperability and urges the municipal entities to take into account interoperability to develop their information systems and communicate with other entities.
National interoperability standards. Republic of Turkey has announced a “Short Term Action Plan for Digital Transformation of Turkey” (KDEP) under the management of State Planning Organization. KDEP aim is described as [1] “Easily serving to citizens in electronic environment, by avoiding bureaucracy” [2]. That plan obviously pointed a need for regulatory framework on interoperability standards to exchange information among institutions. Within and as an outcome of this need the Prime Ministry announced Circular 2005/20 with a guide named “Interoperability Principles Guide”(IPG)2 regulating the National Interoperability Scheme. This circular describes the interoperability and procedures of open data sharing and exchanging of data standards for both governmental and private organizations. IPG includes three aspects of the interoperability. The first part mostly includes context of the interoperability, descriptions and interoperability policies. The second part states technical expectations and standards for interoperability. Technical standards part includes topics; open data share and exchange, interconnections, data integration and content management, security, geographical information systems, development of information systems and management. The last part includes sections about institutional architecture works, data vocabulary, examples and easy access. This guide will be reference for Antalya MAtchUP Project in related and covered parts. 2xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx/wp- content/uploads/2014/04/Birlikte_Calisabilirlik_Esaslari_Rehberi_2.1.pdf
National interoperability standards. XXXX-XX.xx is the German derivation of the European standard DCAT Application profile. The DCAT Application profile for data portals in Europe (DCAT-AP) is a specification based on W3C's Data Catalogue vocabulary (DCAT) for describing metadata of public sector data sets in Europe. It is the standard used by the European Data Portal as well. The standard design DCAT-AP in the specification XXXX-XX.xx meets semantic regulations for the communication of municipal data portals, trade and state data portals as well as specialist portals, and governmental portals for GovData portal and from there to the EU portal. A specific transport protocol for metadata exchange was not defined yet. However, DCAT-AP including the German form XXXX-XX.xx is compatible with various communication protocols. XXXX-XX.xx is also able to communicate via archives with other protocol standards, as an example the reference implementation in the GovData portal (xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxx.xx/). Other non-normative components of the standard design are the following example implementations and validation artefacts: 1) JSON Schema and related sample data minimum and maximum, 2) RDF / XSD schema and associated RDF sample data minimum and maximum, 3) c. XML / XSD schema and related sample data minimum and maximum.
