oxygen senors Sample Clauses

oxygen senors. Oxygen concentration measurements remain a more challenging issue. The most commonly used high temperature oxygen sensor is the zirconium dioxide sensor used in automobiles for regulating the air/fuel mixture ratio. However, standard zirconium dioxide sensors (both so called narrow and wide-band types) respond to a difference in oxygen concentration, and would thus require a gas reservoir within the sensor with known oxygen concentration. This could be solv- able, for example by using a small chamber with an oxygen absorbing material. We have located one type of zirconium dioxide based sensor that eliminates this by instead pumping oxygen back and forth to an enclosed chamber [6]. Although this sensor operates at an internal temperature of 700◦C, the documentation specifies a maximum gas temperature of 250◦C. This could poten- tially be increased by reducing the heater supply current, but this would need to be investigated further. If not, the high heater power (6.8 W) could be a significant challenge to supply from small batteries that withstand 100 ◦C as required if the evaporation of water is used as the main internal thermal load. Whereas zirconium dioxide sensors are based on measuring the electrical potential gener- ated when oxygen is transported through a ceramic material, resistive oxygen sensors are also possible to build [7]. It appears that the only type of such sensor to reach commercial applica- tion is the titanium dioxide sensor commercialized by NGK-NTK for automotive (lambda sensor) applications. Such sensors appear to be strongly non-linear, but may nevertheless be worth in- vestigating further. According to [8] the maximum temperature for such sensors is 850◦C, but as these products are manufactured specifically for integration in automotive products, specifications for specific products does not appear to be readily available. Electrochemical oxygen sensors are essentially metal-air batteries, typically using a consum- able lead anode. All commercial sensors for oxygen concentration in gasses has a maximum temperature specification in the order of around 50◦C, probably due to the use of a liquid elec- trolyte, requiring the internals of the sensor to be kept at a fairly low temperature. It would also require the ambient gas to be passed through channels and cooled before it reaches the sen- sor, greatly complicating the overall sensor design. While beyond the scope and time-frame of this project, it could be relevant to investigate the...
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