Sample Size. As this is an extension study, no formal sample size analysis was performed for this study. Study data will be tabulated and summarized.
Sample Size. For each of the locations, the sample size was determined at 5% level of precision (also called desired margin of error), 95% confidence level and 50% population proportion of response to key study indicators. The choice of population response proportion is arbitrary; but this is what is assumed to generate the largest possible sample in the absence of a prior knowledge about population response to key study indicators. The sample size was not adjusted for non- response factor. Like in many surveys, non-response of the sampling unit (here household) has been tackled by substituting original sample unit by another.
Sample Size. The sample size depended upon when theoretical saturation is reached and was estimated to range from 20 to 30 participants for service providers group and 20 to 30 for ‘people with mental illness and their primary caregivers’ group’ This included both men and women. Where possible, equal numbers of men and women were recruited with participants representing all adult age ranges (age 18 years and above). A total of 32 in-depth interviews were conducted: 10 with people with mental illness, 6 with caregivers and 16 with service providers. We conducted one focus group discussion (FGD) with service users and their caregivers. There were sixteen participants in the FGD. The participants in the FGD included six service users and ten caregivers.
Sample Size. 10.5.1 The number of passengers interviewed during each Fare Evasion Survey will be sufficient to ensure that the overall Fare Evasion Rate for bus services, calculated from each Fare Evasion Survey, shall have an overall sample error of less than 1%.
Sample Size. The primary outcome for the interrater agreement analysis was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the AHI. Given nine sleep scorers (one at each site), the 15 PSGs had a power of 83% to detect an ICC of at least 0.90, assuming a null hypothesis of ICC = 0.70. The interrater reliability measures used to examine the agreement among the nine different scorers were the ICC for continuous variables (respiratory indices, duration of sleep stages, and arousal index) and the kappa (κ) statistic for mul- tiple raters for the categorical variables (sleep stages). The levels of agreement using the ICCs of respiratory indices, dura- tion of sleep stages, and arousal index were classified as fol- lows: 0.00-0.25 = little, 0.26-0.49 = low, 0.50-0.69 = moderate, AHI (events/h) 25.8 ± 19.4 22.7 ± 18.4 25.7 ± 19.0 25.9 ± 19.8 24.3 ± 17.2 22.7 ± 17.4 23.0 ± 15.4 25.9 ± 21.3 23.6 ± 18.1 0.95 0.91-0.98 Total Apneas 54.1 ± 71.9 31.6 ± 68.2 45.3 ± 66.5 46.3 ± 63.9 42.3 ± 60.3 20.3 ± 41.8 58.1 ± 78.3 104.6 ± 127.7 51.1 ± 72.4 0.73 0.55-0.88 Obstructive 44.1 ± 61.3 28.7 ± 68.2 39.5 ± 67.1 35.9 ± 55.2 37.5 ± 57.1 17.7 ± 36.7 56.4 ± 76.6 100.7 ± 127.7 42.2 ± 68.9 0.70 0.51-0.86 Central 6.7 ± 9.1 2.9 ± 7.1 4.4 ± 7.8 7.3 ± 10.2 1.0 ± 2.0 0.9 ± 1.4 0.9 ± 1.9 3.3 ± 6.2 6.7 ± 7.8 0.46 0.27-0.70 Mixed 3.3 ± 9.5 0.1 ± 0.3 1.5 ± 3.0 3.1 ± 7.5 4.0 ± 7.5 1.7 ± 5.4 0.8 ± 2.3 0.6 ± 1.2 2.2 ± 5.6 0.42 0.24-0.67 Hypopneas 90.1 ± 76.6 100.7 ± 85.7 109.1 ± 85.4 94.8 ± 73.8 108.2 ± 79.4 109.2 ± 87.4 81.1 ± 58.1 51.0 ± 36.9 86.5 ± 75.1 0.80 0.65-0.91 ODI (events/h) 22.4 ± 17.6 22.0 ± 17.5 24.6 ± 18.3 21.6 ± 17.0 25.3 ± 17.5 22.4 ± 18.0 19.7 ± 14.2 22.9 ± 17.4 20.9 ± 16.6 0.97 0.93-0.99 AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; CI, confidence interval; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; ODI, oxygen desaturation index. κ 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.78 95% CI 0.77-0.79 0.76-0.78 0.77-0.79 0.77-0.78 CI, confidence interval; NREM, nonrapid eye movement; REM, rapid eye movement. κ 0.78 0.31 0.60 0.67 0.78 0.63 95% CI 0.77-0.79 0.30-0.32 0.59-0.61 0.65-0.69 0.77-0.79 0.62-0.63 CI, confidence interval; NREM, nonrapid eye movement. 0.70-0.89 = strong, 0.90-1.00 = very strong.6-8 For the κ sta- tistic for multiple raters, the levels of agreement were classi- fied as follows: < 0 = no agreement, 0-0.20 = slight agreement, 0.21-0.40 = fair agreement, 0.41-0.60 = moderate agreement, 0.61-0.80 = substantial agreement, 0.81-1.0 = almost perfect agreement.9 Data analyses were performed using Stata software version 12 (Stat...
Sample Size. To select the sample we will consider the 88 students of the Eight Grade of Basic General Education, equivalent to 11% of the students of the population's total in study, 2 English teachers which is 10% of the English teacher’s population.
Sample Size. Sample size calculations project that 95% of enrollees will have acute cerebrovascular disease, including 80% with acute cerebral ischemia and 15% with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, and assume that magensium sulfate will alter outcome among patients with acute cerebral ischemia and will not alter outcomes among patients with final diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage or nonstroke. Sample size calculations also take into account the three planned interim data analyses. Distribution of modified Xxxxxx Scale scores in the placebo group at 3 months was estimated based on observations in the placebo groups of the < 3 hour NINDS-TPA trials, the < 3 hour lubeluzole trial (X. Xxxxxx, personal communication, 9/01) and the < 3 hour CLASS-T trial (X. Xxxxx, personal communication, 9/01). Distribution of modified Xxxxxx Scale scores at 3 months in the magnesium sulfate group (effect size) was projected at approximately 70% of the effect size observed in Xxxx’x meta-analysis of 4 phase 2 randomized controlled trials of magnesium for focal stroke, a conservative projection given the long treatment window employed in these trials. It was projected that this effect size would vary among three groups of patients.
1) In patients with ischemic stroke not treated with TPA, the effect size was set at that derived from the magnesium sulfate phase 2 trials.
2) In patients with ischemic stroke treated with TPA, the effect size would be modified by two factors: a) better outcome in placebo treated patients due to the administration of TPA, and b) lesser effect size of magnesium sulfate as some tissue at risk would already be salvaged by TPA. For TPA treated patients, distribution of modified Xxxxxx Scale scores at 3 months in the FAST-MAG placebo group were based on observations from the NINDS-TPA. Treatment effect size was anticipated to be 80% of the effect seen in non-TPA treated patients, and varied in sensitivity analysis from 65% to 100%. This is a conservative estimate as concomitant therapy with TPA could actually magnify rather than attenuate magnesium sulfate effects on tissue salvage, for example by increasing delivery of magnesium to penumbral tissues. The proportion of enrolled patients treated with TPA was anticipated to be 20%, and varied in sensitivity analysis from 10 to 35%.
3) In patients with intracranial hemorrhage and in patients with final nonstroke diagnoses, the effect size was set at nil. The power to detect the treatment effect in 1298 patients patien...
Sample Size. CONSIDERATIONS
Sample Size. Incidence cohort study PSCs
