Search method. The search for studies of risk factors for child maltreatment has been conducted as follows. A first search was conducted for publications in English that were published between 1966 and 2002 (Pubmed), 1967-2002 (Psychinfo) and 1982- 2002 (Xxxx). For all databases the full range of publications entered was searched. Since databases were started at different points in time there are different timeframes for each database searched. In this search a first step was to search for publications about child maltreatment by using a combination of the descriptors “child abuse”, “child maltreatment”, “child neglect”, “emotional abuse” and “batter*” (whereby the asterisk functions as a ‘wildcard’ for several conjugations). The second step was to search for combinations of the descriptors “risk”, “protective”, “factor”, “indicator”, “precursor”, “antecedent”, “prodrome” and “predict*”. In each step the descriptors were combined using the ‘OR’ connector, whereupon the results of both steps were combined using the ‘AND’ connector.
Search method. A systematic review was not undertaken but a clear search process was systematically followed. In order to reflect the current view of compassion in nursing, the search strategy was limited to published papers in English between January 2000 and January 2017. The search period of 17 years was chosen because of the rise in nursing literature about the poor standard of care and lack of compassion in the NHS and the global healthcare system (Xxxxxxxx, 2008; Xxxxxxx, 2012; Xxxxxxxx et al, 2016). In addition, because the NHS is influenced by legislation, it was believed that the choice of search period spanned three governments and would reflect the policy direction of the two major political parties in the UK Labour and Conservative parties and the coalition between the Conservative party and the Liberal Democrats in terms of compassionate care in the NHS. The databases used included British Nursing Index (BNI), Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) and Psychological Information (PsycInfo). These databases were chosen because they hold comprehensive healthcare literature worldwide and could therefore provide a high retrieval of primary and secondary sources for research in nursing (Xxxxxxxx et al, 2005; Xxxx, 2009; Bahaadinbeigy et al, 2010). Additionally, most of the publications held by these databases are subjected to peer review and rigorous standards for submission, thus increasing the credibility of the research reported in these publications. Policy reports were also identified from the reference lists of the included articles. Due to the use of the terms ‘compassion’ and ‘compassionate care’ in the literature and the linkage with other related concepts, the search terms were combined and reflected the focus on mental health to broaden the topic for the review. The key words used were ‘compassionate care’; ‘compassion’; ‘compassion in nursing’; ‘mental health nursing’; ‘psychiatric nursing’; ‘mental health services’; psychiatric services’; ‘acute mental health care’; ‘mental health acute inpatient wards’; ‘service users’ and ‘carers’. Wildcards and truncation of key words and Boolean operators ‘or’; ‘and’; ‘not’ were used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the search process and to generate papers for the review. In order to ensure that all relevant papers had been included in the review, a hand search of references of the included article...
