The Role of Causation in Particular Sample Clauses

The Role of Causation in Particular. Although the effectiveness of control generally exercised over (part of) the state’s territory will often be determinative of the means it has at its disposal to prevent a given event, those means always have to be examined with regard to the particular circumstances of any given case. Simply put, the question is: was there anything the state could have done (or could have reasonably been expected to do, rather) to prevent the catalyst event? Or would that event have occurred in any case, regardless of the state’s efforts to the contrary? Even if it is proven that the state knew or should have known about the catalyst event, this is not sufficient, in and of itself, to find a violation of the duty to protect. This was already apparent in Corfu Channel. The iCJ, having established that Albania must have known about the mines, proceeded to examine when it acquired such knowledge, in order to find out whether it had enough time to warn the approaching British warships and interna- tional shipping more generally.196 in other words, if Albania could not have warned the ships in time under any circumstance, it would not have been held responsible.197 This is simply because in that case, it would not have – could not have – contributed to the injury to the British warships: that injury would have occurred regardless of Albania’s efforts. The Court found that even under a worst case scenario, it would have been possible to warn the British ships in particular, though in that case ‘a general notification to the shipping of all States before the time of the explosions would have been difficult, perhaps even impossible.’198 The requirement that the state must have partly caused the catalyst event was articulated even more explicitly during the codification of state responsibility at the iLC. The Commission, following the suggestion of Special Rapporteur Xxxxxxx Xxx, adopted an article on first reading specifically on obligations to prevent. As Ago highlighted, Draft Article 23 required two conditions for a breach of such obligations: ‘the event to be prevented must have occurred, and it must have been made possible by a lack of vigilance on the part of State organs.’199 The commentary to the Draft Article explained that ‘for there to be a breach of the obligation, a certain causal link – indirect, of course, not direct – must exist between the occur- rence of the event and the conduct adopted in the matter by the organs 196 Corfu Channel, 22-23. 197 See ibid., 22. 19...
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Related to The Role of Causation in Particular

  • Termination by Executive with Good Reason Executive may terminate his employment with Good Reason by providing the Company thirty (30) days’ written notice setting forth in reasonable specificity the event that constitutes Good Reason, which written notice, to be effective, must be provided to the Company within ninety (90) days of Executives knowledge of occurrence of such event. During such thirty (30) day notice period, the Company shall have a cure right, and if not cured within such period, Executive’s termination will be effective upon the expiration of such cure period, and Executive shall be entitled to the same payments and benefits as provided in Section 8(d) hereof for a termination by the Company without Cause, subject to the same conditions on payment and benefits as described in Section 8(d) hereof. Following such termination of Executive’s employment by Executive with Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 8(e), Executive shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Executive’s sole and exclusive remedy upon a termination of employment with Good Reason shall be receipt of the Severance Benefits.

  • CFR PART 200 Termination Termination for cause and for convenience by the grantee or subgrantee including the manner by which it will be effected and the basis for settlement. (All contracts in excess of $10,000) Pursuant to the above, when federal funds are expended by ESC Region 8 and TIPS Members, ESC Region 8 and TIPS Members reserves the right to terminate any agreement in excess of $10,000 resulting from this procurement process for cause after giving the vendor an appropriate opportunity and up to 30 days, to cure the causal breach of terms and conditions. ESC Region 8 and TIPS Members reserves the right to terminate any agreement in excess of $10,000 resulting from this procurement process for convenience with 30 days notice in writing to the awarded vendor. The vendor would be compensated for work performed and goods procured as of the termination date if for convenience of the ESC Region 8 and TIPS Members. Any award under this procurement process is not exclusive and the ESC Region 8 and TIPS reserves the right to purchase goods and services from other vendors when it is in the best interest of the ESC Region 8 and TIPS. Does vendor agree? Yes

  • Termination by Company without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason If Executive's employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason: (i) the Company shall pay to Executive (A) his Base Salary and accrued vacation pay through the Date of Termination, as soon as practicable following the Date of Termination, and (B) a payment equal to two times Executive's current base scheduled annual salary and two times the average total additional compensation (i.e., bonus, pension, 401(k) Company contributions, medical benefits and car allowance) for the two (2) preceding fiscal years of the Company ending prior to termination within seven (7) calendar days following the Date of Termination; provided, however, if the Executive has previously given a notice not to extend the Employment Period pursuant to Section 2, the payment referred to in this subsection (i) shall not be made; (ii) the Company shall maintain in full force and effect, for the continued benefit of Executive, his spouse and his dependents for a period of three (3) years following the Date of Termination the medical, hospitalization, dental, disability and life insurance programs in which Executive, his spouse and his dependents were participating immediately prior to the Date of Termination at the level in effect and upon substantially the same terms and conditions (including without limitation contributions required by Executive for such benefits) as existed immediately prior to the Date of Termination; provided, that if Executive, his spouse or his dependents cannot continue to participate in the Company programs providing such benefits, the Company shall arrange to provide Executive, his spouse and his dependents with the economic equivalent of such benefits which they otherwise would have been entitled to receive under such plans and programs ("Continued Benefits"), provided, that such Continued Benefits shall terminate on the date or dates Executive receives substantially equivalent coverage and benefits, without waiting period or pre-existing condition limitations, under the plans and programs of a subsequent employer (such coverage and benefits to be determined on a coverage-by-coverage, or benefit-by-benefit, basis); and (iii) the Company shall reimburse Executive pursuant to Section 5(d) for reasonable expenses incurred, but not paid prior to such termination of employment; (iv) Executive shall be entitled to any other rights, compensation and/or benefits as may be due to Executive in accordance with the terms and provisions of any agreements, plans or programs of the Company; (v) all stock options and other pension or employment benefits granted to Executive prior to the Date of Termination shall fully vest as of the Date of Termination (inclusive of any granted to Executive prior to the Employment Period); (vi) the Company shall forgive and cancel all loans made by the Company or any Affiliate to Executive, if any, and shall take all actions and execute all documents necessary to evidence the forgiveness and cancellation of such loans; and (vii) the Company shall eliminate any and all restrictions on Executive's ability either to engage in any activities, directly or indirectly, in competition with the Company (including, without limitation, the restrictions set forth in Section 10(c) of this Agreement but not the restrictions set forth in Sections 10(a) and (b)), or to make any investment in competition with the Company, and shall execute all documents necessary or reasonably requested by Executive to reflect such elimination of restrictions. The foregoing notwithstanding, the total of the severance payments payable under this Section 8(a) shall be reduced to the extent the payment of such amounts would cause Executive's total termination benefits (as determined by Executive's tax advisor) to constitute an "excess" parachute payment under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and by reason of such excess parachute payment Executive would be subject to an excise tax under Section 4999(a) of the Code, but only if Executive determines that the after-tax value of the termination benefits calculated with the foregoing restriction exceed those calculated without the foregoing restriction.

  • Termination in the Event of Death or Disability This Agreement shall terminate in the event of death or disability of Executive. (a) In the event of Executive's death, Ceridian shall pay an amount equal to 12 months of Base Salary at the rate in effect at the time of Executive's death plus the amount Executive would have received in annual incentive plan bonus for the year in which the death occurs had "target" goals been achieved. Such amount shall be paid (1) to the beneficiary or beneficiaries designated in writing to Ceridian by Executive, (2) in the absence of such designation to the surviving spouse, or (3) if there is no surviving spouse, or such surviving spouse disclaims all or any part, then the full amount, or such disclaimed portion, shall be paid to the executor, administrator or other personal representative of Executive's estate. The amount shall be paid as a lump sum as soon as practicable following Ceridian's receipt of notice of Executive's death. All such payments shall be in addition to any payments due pursuant to Section 4.04(c) below. (b) In the event of Executive's disability, Base Salary shall be terminated as of the end of the month in which the last day of the six-month period of Executive's inability to perform his or her duties occurs. (c) In the event of termination by reason of Executive's death or disability, Ceridian shall pay to Executive any amount equal to (1) the amount Executive would have received in annual incentive plan bonus for the year in which termination occurs had "target" goals been achieved, multiplied by (2) a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of whole months Executive was employed in the year in which the death or disability occurred and the denominator of which is 12. The amount payable pursuant to this Section 4.04(c) shall be paid within 15 days after the date such bonus would have been paid had Executive remained employed for the full fiscal year.

  • Termination by Employee with Good Reason Employee may terminate his employment with Good Reason by providing the Company thirty (30) days’ written notice setting forth with reasonable specificity the event that constitutes Good Reason, which written notice, to be effective, must be provided to the Company within sixty (60) days of the occurrence of such event. During such thirty (30) day notice period, the Company shall have a cure right (if curable), and if not cured within such period, Employee’s termination will be effective upon the date immediately following the expiration of the thirty (30) day notice period, and Employee shall be entitled to the same payments and benefits as provided in Section 8(d) above for a termination without Cause, it being agreed that Employee’s right to any such payments and benefits shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as described in Section 8(d) above. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by Employee with Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 8(e), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement.

  • Termination by Executive other than for Good Reason Executive’s employment may be terminated by Executive without further liability on the part of Executive (other than with respect to those provisions of this Agreement expressly surviving such termination) by written notice to the Board of Directors at least sixty (60) days prior to such termination; provided, however, the Company may waive the notice period and accelerate the termination date without converting the Termination by Executive into a Termination by the Company.

  • Good Cause Other leaves of absence with pay may be granted by the Board for good reason.

  • Discretionary Termination The Employer may terminate and liquidate this Agreement provided that: (i) the termination does not occur proximate to a downturn in the financial health of the Employer; (ii) all arrangements sponsored by the Employer and Affiliates that would be aggregated with any terminated arrangements under Treasury Regulations §1.409A-1(c) are terminated; (iii) no payments, other than payments that would be payable under the terms of this Agreement if the termination had not occurred, are made within twelve (12) months of the date the Employer takes the irrevocable action to terminate this Agreement; (iv) all payments are made within twenty-four (24) months following the date the Employer takes the irrevocable action to terminate and liquidate this Agreement; and (v) neither the Employer nor any of its Affiliates adopt a new arrangement that would be aggregated with any terminated arrangement under Treasury Regulations §1.409A-1(c) if the Executive participated in both arrangements, at any time within three (3) years following the date the Employer takes the irrevocable action to terminate this Agreement.

  • Termination by Executive without Good Reason The Executive may terminate his employment without Good Reason by providing the Company thirty (30) days’ written notice of such termination. In the event of a termination of employment by the Executive under this Section 6(g), the Executive shall be entitled only to the Accrued Obligations. In the event of termination of the Executive’s employment under this Section 6(g), the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, by written notice, accelerate such date of termination and still have it treated as a termination without Good Reason.

  • Voluntary Termination for Good Reason “Voluntary Termination for Good Reason” shall mean the Employee voluntarily resigns after the occurrence of any of the following (i) without the Employee’s express written consent, a material reduction of the Employee’s duties, title, authority or responsibilities, relative to the Employee’s duties, title, authority or responsibilities as in effect immediately prior to such reduction, or the assignment to Employee of such reduced duties, title, authority or responsibilities; provided, however, that a reduction in duties, title, authority or responsibilities solely by virtue of the Company being acquired and made part of a larger entity (as, for example, when the Senior Vice-President of a business unit of the Company remains as such following a Change of Control) shall not by itself constitute grounds for a “Voluntary Termination for Good Reason;” (ii) without the Employee’s express written consent, a material reduction, without good business reasons, of the facilities and perquisites (including office space and location) available to the Employee immediately prior to such reduction; (iii) a reduction by the Company in the base salary of the Employee as in effect immediately prior to such reduction; (iv) a material reduction by the Company in the aggregate level of employee benefits, including bonuses, to which the Employee was entitled immediately prior to such reduction with the result that the Employee’s aggregate benefits package is materially reduced (other than a reduction that generally applies to Company employees); (v) the relocation of the Employee to a facility or a location more than thirty-five (35) miles from the Employee’s then present location, without the Employee’s express written consent; (vi) the failure of the Company to obtain the assumption of this agreement by any successors contemplated in Section 7(a) below; or (vii) any act or set of facts or circumstances which would, under California case law or statute constitute a constructive termination of the Employee.

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