TRIPS and Developing Countries Sample Clauses

TRIPS and Developing Countries. TRIPS was widely seen as the closest to a trans-national code for trade, economic and legal policy that the global community had ever witnessed. Despite its general homogenisation of IP rights, the Agreement was expressly sensitive to inequalities that exist between developed and developing nations where in its Preamble it recognises, “also the special needs of the least-developed country Members in respect of maximum flexibility in the domestic implementation of laws and regulations in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base.” This acknowledged the reality of IP in least developed and some developing countries whereby too stringent implementation and enforcement standards could hinder the development of certain countries’ technological and industrial infrastructure. However, despite the sensitive framing of the TRIPS, it was from the very onset the subject of much criticism and debate. A debate which is on-going and also forms the background to the wider question that this thesis proposes to answer as to whether IPRs, thus, TRIPS is useful for developing countries. The contention that lies with TRIPS and developing countries stems from the Uruguay Round being seen as dominated by highly industrialised WTO Members led by the USA, the EU and Japan who “persuaded developing country members to adopt and enforce high levels of IPRs protection as part of an integrated WTO framework.”57 The pre-existing conventions were seen as insufficient to tackle IP infringements thus led to the TRIPS mandating a detailed set of both judicial and administrative rules as well as a link to the WTO’s dispute settlement system. This is where the criticism lies. In particular that the TRIPS set minimum standards for international IPR protection that is relatively high, seen as too high for many developing countries58. To understand the nature of the criticism the four narratives that account for the origin of TRIPS is useful59. Firstly, the bargain narrative, in which the Agreement was considered to be a compromise between developed and less developed countries60. The bargain consisted of guaranteeing xxxxx access to developed markets and concessions in agriculture and textiles rules to developing countries in exchange for heightened protection of IPRs (often belonging to developed countries. The compromise was made however, at a time when the bargaining power between these nations was far from equal thus it was seen as “coercion”61 by developed Membe...
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Related to TRIPS and Developing Countries

  • Research and Development (i) Advice and assistance in relation to research and development of Party B; (ii) Advice and assistance in strategic planning; and

  • Training and Development 3.1 Authorities will develop local 'Workforce Development Plans (see Part 4.8),' closely linked to their service delivery plans, which will provide the focus for the establishment of training and development priorities. Training and development should be designed to meet the corporate and service needs of authorities both current and in the future, taking into account the individual needs of employees. Local schemes on training and development should enable authorities to attain their strategic objectives through development of their employees. Training and development provisions should be shaped to local requirements and take account of the full range of learning methods. Such an approach should enable access to learning for all employees. The needs of part time employees and shift workers need particular consideration. 3.2 Employees attending or undertaking required training are entitled to payment of normal earnings; all prescribed fees and other relevant expenses arising. Employees are also entitled to paid leave for the purpose of sitting for required examinations. When attending training courses outside contracted daily hours, part-time employees should be paid on the same basis as full- time employees. (Assistance for other forms of learning, for example that directed at individual development, will be locally determined). Some training can be very expensive and authorities may require repayment of all or part of the costs incurred should an employee leave the authority before a reasonable time period has expired. The authority's policy in this regard should be made explicit. 3.3 Objectives for training and development programmes should include the following: • To enable Councils to attain their strategic objectives via investment in their employees. • To promote equity of access to learning. • To encourage employees to develop their skills and level of responsibility to the maximum of their individual potential. • To widen and modernise the skills profile of employees to maximise their versatility, employability and so, job security. • To enable employees to raise productivity, quality and customer service in pursuit of sustainable improvement 3.4 Authorities should establish local partnership arrangements, to include recognised trade unions, to develop their local workforce development plans. 3.5 The NJC endorses partnership provision such as the "Return to Learn" scheme. Authorities and the recognised trade unions shall encourage and support employees taking on the statutory Union Learning Representative (ULR) role. This will include agreeing facilities and paid release in accordance with statutory provisions. ULRs should be enabled to play a full part in promoting and implementing local training and development programmes.

  • New Countries The Fund shall be responsible for informing the Custodian sufficiently in advance of a proposed investment which is to be held in a country in which no Subcustodian is authorized to act in order that the Custodian shall, if it deems appropriate to do so, have sufficient time to establish a subcustodial arrangement in accordance herewith. In the event, the Custodian is unable to establish such arrangements prior to the time the investment is to be acquired, the Custodian is authorized to designate at its discretion a local safekeeping agent, and the use of the local safekeeping agent shall be at the sole risk of the Fund, and accordingly the Custodian shall be responsible to the Fund for the actions of such agent if and only to the extent the Custodian shall have recovered from such agent for any damages caused the Fund by such agent.

  • Territory 33.1 This Agreement applies to the territory in which CenturyLink operates as an ILEC in the State. CenturyLink shall be obligated to provide services under this Agreement only within this territory. 33.2 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, CenturyLink may terminate this Agreement as to a specific operating territory or portion thereof pursuant to Section 6.7 of this Agreement.

  • Creation and Development Fee If the Prospectus related to a Trust specifies a creation and development fee, the Trustee shall, on or immediately after the end of the initial offering period, withdraw from the Capital Account, an amount equal to the unpaid creation and development fee as of such date and credit such amount to a special non-Trust account designated by the Depositor out of which the creation and development fee will be distributed to the Depositor (the "Creation and Development Account"). The creation and development fee is the per unit amount specified in the Prospectus for the Trust. (16) Article III is hereby amended by adding the following section:

  • Country [insert country where ITT is issued]

  • Territories The Agreement territory is limited to the United States of America, including the District of Columbia, only. It does not include Canada or U.S. Territories including Guam, Puerto Rico, or U.S. Virgin Islands.

  • Job Development ‌ a. Does the district conduct or access job development services to expand job opportunities for TA and SNAP participants? Yes No If Yes, select how the district participates in job development activities. District staff contacts employers to solicit jobs for TA and SNAP Participants. Describe below how this is done, including number of staff, frequency of contacts, etc. Self Sufficiency Supervisory Staff members promote the hiring of Temporary Assistance clients through the use of the Transitional Employment Advancement Program (TEAP). MCDSS offers periodic job interviews with 60 - 75 TA recipients (concentrating on the Safety Net Singles) to fill vacant positions with companies who may participate with TEAP or OJT. Daily, job openings are received from area employers and reviewed by the Self Sufficiency staff for possible applicant matching. All jobs are posted in our waiting rooms, handed out at our front windows, given during recertification interviews or employment assessments for clients and applicants to review and submit applications to. To find additional employers, intranet searches of employment web sites, phone calls, cold calls, and mailings are made to employers in the area to explain the TEAP and OJT contracts along with information about Tax Incentives. Self Sufficiency staff also attend Job Fairs, as they arise to speak with employers and discuss the benefits of hiring a client currently on Public Assistance. Individuals that are eligible for TEAP or OJT are also given a TEAP brochure and OJT literature to use to advise potential employers that they are eligible for TEAP or OJT if they are hired. The Employment Coordinator receives notifications of job postings from various Monroe County vendors, we then try to match clients with these positions. MCDSS screens recipients for job skills matching current openings at an employer. MCDSS then schedules recipients to come to office and have a job interview here in the building. We assist with online application filing and interview preparation before the interview is conducted with the employer. MCDSS receives notifications of community job fairs and advises employable individuals to attend. MCDSS is able to have a sign in table at these events and are able to mentor individuals and offer support during the fair. District contracts or has an agreement with another agency to contact employers and solicit jobs for TA and/or SNAP participants. Describe below how this is done, including number of staff, frequency of contacts, etc. RochesterWorks, Inc. - There are 3 full-time staff dedicated to employer outreach on the RochesterWorks Business Services team. Outreach is done on a daily basis in a variety of ways such as through daily job posts on behalf of business, presentations to business/industry associations and groups like the local Xxxxxxxx of Commerce, Pro-ROC (Professional Recruiters of Rochester) and other networks; one-on-one meetings at employers’ worksites, virtually, over the phone or via email; virtual and in-person recruitment events; and monthly business newsletters. RochesterWorks also engages employers referred by our local county Economic Development Department as well as the Department of Labor, to promote and connect job seekers with hiring companies. In addition to free job posting, recruitment events, and promotion, RochesterWorks offers work-based training grants in the form of On-the-Job Training (partial wage subsidy) and Transitional Jobs (fully subsidized). Career Systems currently refers Job Seekers from a number of programs to area job fairs. They will continue this and consider a referral to a job fair to be equivalent to a referral to potential employment; it will be a condition of continued eligibility for the program. They will facilitate, monitor and report this attendance and participation. Career Systems will also develop relationships with hiring agencies that will allow groups of participants to be interviews at the job site. Career Systems staff will facilitate, monitor and report attendance at these functions.

  • Country and Territory Names The country and territory names (including their IDN variants, where applicable) contained in the following internationally recognized lists shall be withheld from registration or allocated to Registry Operator at All Levels: the short form (in English) of all country and territory names contained on the ISO 3166-1 list, as updated from time to time, including the European Union, which is exceptionally reserved on the ISO 3166-1 list, and its scope extended in August 1999 to any application needing to represent the name European Union <xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/iso/support/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/iso-3166-1_decoding_table.htm>; the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Technical Reference Manual for the Standardization of Geographical Names, Part III Names of Countries of the World; and the list of United Nations member states in 6 official United Nations languages prepared by the Working Group on Country Names of the United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names; provided, that the reservation of specific country and territory names (including their IDN variants according to the registry operator IDN registration policy, where applicable) may be released to the extent that Registry Operator reaches agreement with the applicable government(s). Registry Operator must not activate such names in the DNS; provided, that Registry Operator may propose the release of these reservations, subject to review by ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee and approval by ICANN. Upon conclusion of Registry Operator’s designation as operator of the registry for the TLD, all such names that remain withheld from registration or allocated to Registry Operator shall be transferred as specified by ICANN. Registry Operator may self-allocate and renew such names without use of an ICANN accredited registrar, which will not be considered Transactions for purposes of Section 6.1 of the Agreement.

  • High Risk Activities 1. The Software is not fault-tolerant and is not designed, manufactured or intended for use or resale as on-line control equipment in hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life support machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of the Software could lead directly to death, personal injury, or severe physical or environmental damage ("High Risk Activities"). Syncro and its suppliers specifically disclaim any express or implied warranty of fitness for High Risk Activities.

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