Open Skies definition
Open Skies means a regime for the conduct of observation flights by States Parties over the territories of other States Parties.
Open Skies. Agreements: A foreign flag air carrier may be used if the transportation is provided under an air transportation agreement between the United States and a foreign government, which the Department of Transportation has determined meets the requirements of the Fly America Act. For example, in 2008, the U.S. entered into an "Open Skies" Agreement with the European Union. This Agreement gives European Community airlines (airlines of Member States) the right to transport passengers and cargo on flights funded by the U.S. government, when the transportation is between a point in the United States and any point in a Member State or between any two points outside the United States. In accordance with the Agreement, however, a U.S.-flag air carrier must be used if: (a) transportation is between points for which there is a city-pair contract fare in effect for air passenger transportation services; or (b) transportation is obtained or funded by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a Military Department. The conditions for use of a Member State airline apply to non-Federal employees as well (e.g., grantees). So, even though grantees are ineligible for city-pair contract fares, they must still use a U.S.-flag air carrier if a city-pair contract fare exists. For information on other "open skies" agreements in which the United States has entered, please refer to GSA's website at ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/Portal/gsa/ep/▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇?contentType=GSA_BASIC&contentId=24833 &noc=T.
Open Skies. Air Transport Agreement was published by the U.S. General Services Administration providing full explanation of the multilateral agreement in place so that qualifying travelers, whose travel is supported by federal funds, may travel on European Union airlines as well as U.S. Flag Air Carriers. A list of the 29 countries under the EU Open Skies Agreement is below: What do these Open Skies Agreements mean to you? European Union: When traveling to a destination serviced by a European Union airline, Harvard travelers flying on a Federal grant can fly on either a US carrier or an EU (European Union) carrier as long as they touch down in an EU country.
Examples of Open Skies in a sentence
Airline "Open Skies" Agreements: A foreign flag air carrier may be used if the transportation is provided under an air transportation agreement between the United States and a foreign government, which the Department of Transportation has determined meets the requirements of the Fly America Act.
After entering your departure and arrival cities, the search tool will either display the city pair agreement fares, or will report "There are no awards for the requested city-pair," in which case the Open Skies Exemption can be used.
In 2011, two significant changes were made to the U.S./EU Open Skies Agreement.
Airline "Open Skies" Agreements A foreign flag air carrier may be used if the transportation is provided under an air transportation agreement between the United States and a foreign government, which the Department of Transportation has determined meets the requirements of the Fly America Act.
Information on the Open Skies agreements (U.S. Government Procured Transportation) and other specific country agreements may be accessed via the Department of State’s website ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/e/eeb/tra/.
More Definitions of Open Skies
Open Skies means the reservation software and system utilized by each Party.
Open Skies. Air Transport Agreement was published by the U.S. General Services Administration providing full explanation of the multilateral agreement in place so that qualifying travelers, whose travel is supported by federal funds, may travel on European Union airlines as well as U.S. Flag Air Carriers. A list of countries with Open Skies Agreements with the US can be found here.
Open Skies means that proposals for observing time may be submitted by any scientist or group of scientists from any country in the world for review by the MWA Time Allocation
Open Skies. Air Transport Agreement was published by the U.S. General Services Administration providing full explanation of the multilateral agreement in place so that qualifying travelers, whose travel is supported by federal funds, may travel on European Union airlines as well as U.S. Flag Air Carriers. A list of current member countries of the European Union is available at the Europa web site. There are also Open Skies agreement with Australia, Switzerland and Japan (coming in October 2011). What do these Open Skies Agreements mean to you? • European Union: o When traveling to a destination serviced by a European Union airline, travelers flying on a Federal grant can fly on either a US carrier or a EU (European Union) carrier. • Australia: o Travelers using federal dollars can use an Australian airline only if a point of origin/destination is either the US or Australia. • Switzerland o Travelers using federal dollars can use an Swiss airline only if a point of origin/destination is either the US or Switzerland • Japan o Travelers using federal dollars can use a Japanese airline only if a point of origin/destination is either the US or Japan. There are other exceptions to the Fly America Act which may be appropriate as well. A list of exception criteria may be found in the Federal Travel Regulation Guidelines – FTR sections 301‐10.135‐138. Please note that lower cost and personal convenience are not acceptable criteria for justifying the non‐utilization of a U.S carrier (or an EU, Australian, Swiss or Japanese carrier depending on your destination).
Open Skies agreement: breakthroughs in areas of regulation and traffic rights “Open skies” elements: ▪ 3rd, 4th and 5th freedoms without limitations for both sides. ▪ Liberal agreement on code-share. ▪ Full cargo 7ths for European side. “+” elements: ▪ Rights for EU investors in the ownership and control of other EU, US and certain third party airlines. ▪ Rights in areas of franchising and branding. ▪ Deepened regulatory cooperation on safety, security and competition. ⚫ ⚫ EU-US first stage: major advances in regulatory cooperation Enhanced cooperation leading to mutual benefit ▪ Joint inspections of airports. ▪ Commitment to work towards «one-stop» security. ▪ Laid the foundation for Atlantic Interoperability Initiative to Reduce Emissions (AIRE) project.
Open Skies secara umum ▇▇▇ harpiah diartikan sebagai “langit terbuka” atau “ruang terbuka”. Namun dalam konteks hukum kata “open skies” akan lebih tepat dimaknai dengan “ruang udara terbuka”. Istilah “open skies” dalam dunia penerbangan mulai menjadi isu internasional tahun 1990-an, dimana dunia penerbangan sedang mengalami krisis ▇▇▇ banyak maskapai penerbangan yang mengalami kesulitan modal. Namun demikian dilihat secara historis, masalah open skies muncul adalah akibat kegagalan Konferensi Penerbangan Sipil Internasional dalam menyepakati masalah transportasi udara internasional (international air transport), (Martono ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, 2010) sehingga dirumuskan dalam Pasal 6 Konvensi Chicago 1944 yang bermakna transportasi udara internasional hanya dapat dilakukan dengan izin negara terkait ▇▇▇ dilakukan dengan perjanjian yang dibuat terpisah. Sebagaimana telah ditetapkan bahwa Konvensi Penerbangan Sipil Internasional (International Civil Aviation Convention), yang disahkan di Chicago pada tanggal 7 Desember 1944 (selanjutnya dikenal dengan "Konvensi Chicago"), merupakan "Magna Charta" untuk hukum internasional tentang penerbangan. Dalam Pasal 1 Konvensi Chicago dinyatakan bahwa Negara pihak Konvensi mengakui bahwa setiap negara memiliki kedaulatan yang lengkap ▇▇▇ eksklusif atas ruang udara di atas wilayahnya, yang diikuti oleh rumusan dalam Pasal 2 bahwa untuk tujuan Konvensi, wilayah Negara dianggap berupa daratan ▇▇▇ perairan teritorial yang berdampingan dengannya di bawah kedaulatan, penguasaan, perlindungan ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ dari negara yang bersangkutan (Chicago Convention, 1944). Hukum internasional didirikan pada konsep Negara yang pada gilirannya berfungsi di atas dasar kedaulatan. Sebuah Negara, sesuai dengan Konvensi Montevideo tahun 1933 didefinisikan memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: populasi permanen, suatu wilayah ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ jelas, pemerintah, ▇▇▇ kapasitas untuk masuk ke dalam hubungan dengan Negara lain. Dengan pemahaman tersebut maka kedaulatan menetapkan supremasi Negara sebagai badan ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ memiliki kekuasaan tertinggi membuat dua prinsip yaitu (Abeyratne, 2012a):
Open Skies means ownership interests held legally or beneficially by citizens of countries with which the United States does not have a liberal aviation trade relationship (known as an “open-skies” relationship) may not exceed 25% individually or in the aggregate. A list of countries with which the United States has open-skies agreements is available at www.transportation.gov/policy/aviation-policy/open-skies-agreements-being- applied.