Enhanced Sample Clauses
Enhanced. The following fields are included in the above fields to create the Enhanced Service: Credit Score - a five position code(four positions are numeric and the fifth position is an alpha value of N (Negative), P (Positive)), followed by a 60 position treatment description as Customer defined in the CCS user data file. * Not all fields are available on every record.
Enhanced. Internet Access services in the enhanced category are defined in the Internet Access Service Definition 1 Next day 2 Three days 3 No guarantee 4 N/A
Enhanced. CpG methylation and heterochromatinization at that element attenuates expression of the Avy gene, leading to increasing expression of the dark pigment over that of the yellow pigment. Several other examples of prenatal maternal nutritional differences leading to epigenetically-mediated alterations in postnatal offspring phenotypes have been described. For example, there are aberrant patterns of Dnmt1 regulation as well as the methyl-sensitive DNA-binding protein MeCP2 in macaques born to mothers with a high- fat diet.29 Similarly, a study of pregnant mice exposed to 48 hours of hypoxic conditions bore offspring that displayed altered expression of Dnmt3b and another methyl-sensitive DNA-binding protein Mbd1.30 Low levels of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in young rats reduced DNA methylation levels and expression of genes involved in stress responses and DNA methylation maintenance, leading to speculation that these effects are a general reaction to oxidative stress.31 Such widespread alterations in genes involved in the genome-wide maintenance and reading of DNA methylation patterns could lead to broad patterns of postnatal epigenetic dysregulation affecting many genes. Genome-wide differential methylation has also been associated with uteroplacental insufficiency32, malnutrition33, and environmental toxins34-36. One study also reported intergenerational phenotypic effects of maternal exposure to environmental toxins, associated with altered DNA methylation in offspring.37 In this study, the authors describe the co-occurrence of male infertility and differential DNA methylation patterns in genes known to influence the phenotype, which persist across multiple generations of rats derived from a pregnant rat exposed to the endocrine disrupter vinclozolin. These findings did not replicate in a subsequent study38, although authors of the original study argue that this is likely due to the use of a more inbred CD-Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx (Xxxxxxx River) rat line in the follow-up study, which is less responsive to the effect than the outbred Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx Dawley strain used in the original study.39 These reports, which seek to relate adverse postnatal outcomes with differential methylation of genes, exemplify studies that can elucidate epigenetic mechanisms capable of altering postnatal phenotypes in response to prenatal exposures. Associations between perinatal exposures and differential histone modifications in offspring have also been reported. ...