Implementation in PRIMES-TREMOVE and modeling of impacts Sample Clauses

Implementation in PRIMES-TREMOVE and modeling of impacts of the policies on the travel demand The freight transport sector is simulated as market equilibrium problem, where demanders and suppliers are modeled as individual agents. Choices of decision makers result from micro-economically founded agent-based minimization of businesses’ costs. PRIMES-TREMOVE consists of: (i) a travel demand and (ii) a vehicle supply module; the resulting equilibrium between the two modules is driven by the generalized prices of transportation. Demand for freight transport is the result of decision making of businesses (all firms in a country). Within their production process, firms determine the levels of freight movements, business trips and other non-transport inputs, by minimizing costs8. The production levels ̅ of the businesses are associated with macroeconomic indicators (such as GDP), which are exogenously provided. Firms input is denoted as ; the freight transport mobility requirements are distinguished according to transport mode and trip type (i.e. region, distance, time) and measured in ton-km. Let represent the input prices, which in the case of transport refer to the generalized prices of transportation. A nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function with multiple levels is employed to capture the substitution possibilities among the various options. The transport demand decision tree is presented in the model manual (E3MLab, 2014). The elasticities of the CES production function come from the TREMOVE model (developed by KU Leuven). = ∑, (,) ⋅ (,) (9) . . ((,)) ≥ ̅ (10) The supply module projects the optimum technology and fuel mix to produce transportation services which meet demand. The supply module includes a vehicle stock submodule which considers stock of vehicle types by transport mode inherited from previous time periods and determines the necessary changes to meet demand. The model also tracks vehicle vintages, formulates the dynamics of vehicle stock turnover by combining scrapping and new registrations and calculates the relative market share of new technologies and fuels. An illustration of the vehicle survival rates is provided in the manual of the PRIMES-TREMOVE model (E3MLab, 2014). Decision making implies expenditures on purchasing new transport equipment, on fuel and variable costs. The CO2 standards on trucks, as presented, are embedded within the vehicle supply module and in particular within the new vehicle choice module. The model calculates the generalized prices (,) (in E...
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Related to Implementation in PRIMES-TREMOVE and modeling of impacts

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  • Post-Commercial Operation Date Testing and Modifications Each Party shall at its own expense perform routine inspection and testing of its facilities and equipment in accordance with Good Utility Practice as may be necessary to ensure the continued interconnection of the Large Generating Facility with the Participating TO’s Transmission System in a safe and reliable manner. Each Party shall have the right, upon advance written notice, to require reasonable additional testing of the other Party’s facilities, at the requesting Party’s expense, as may be in accordance with Good Utility Practice.

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  • Project Implementation 2. The Borrower shall:

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