Mixed Effects on IPV and child maltreatment due to increased employment Sample Clauses

Mixed Effects on IPV and child maltreatment due to increased employment. In anticipation of experiencing a time limit or as a result of experiencing a time limit, an adult TANF recipient may seek employment. The employment process is believed to promote mental health through self-reliance, self-esteem, personal growth, and less depression as participants enter the workforce (Xxxxx, 2007; Xxxx & Xxx, 0000; Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2018) and this would have positive effects on both IPV and child maltreatment according to the FSMV. Further, employment reduces IPV by providing mental health benefits for IPV survivors and perpetrators (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2018) and is hypothesized to increase a survivor’s ability to leave a violent relationship (Kalmuss & Xxxxxx, 1982). However, the positive impact of employment on IPV is not universal; employment may actually increase the risk of IPV for some women (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2000), especially in contexts where women do not usually work or the male partner is unemployed or holds traditional gender norms (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2005; Xxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 0000; Xxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 0000; Macmillan & Gartner, 1999). Further, an increase in employment hours has been found to contribute to substandard parenting and neglect, especially in single- parent households experiencing low income (Xxxxxx, 2007).
Sample 1
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