Research Instruments. In-depth Interviews 14
Research Instruments. Recruitment
Research Instruments. A semi-structured interview guide was used to discuss two main topic areas: perceptions of Xxxx virus and sexual and reproductive health practices and beliefs both prior to and in the wake of the Xxxx virus outbreak. Interview guides were written in Portuguese and reviewed for grammatical accuracy and colloquially relevant phrasing by a Ph.D. student and professor at USP who were both native Portuguese speakers. The interview guide was then pilot tested and questions were refined for better clarity prior to data collection.
Research Instruments. The survey instrument was developed by the principal investigator and was administered through Qualtrics. The survey was designed to reflect gaps in current literature on mental health wellness issues in South Asian populations. From the literature gaps were identified, these gaps were developed into a conceptual framework, and from there developed into questions by determining objectives and indicators. The survey consisted of total 55 questions (Appendix D). Forty questions collected information on the participant’s demographic characteristics, their general health status and mental health wellness status, factors surrounding their mental health wellness, their perception of mental health wellness, and their access to mental health wellness resources. For Q2.3
Research Instruments. A. The APPLICANT agrees to submit to the PVUSD REPRESENTATIVE for review and approval, at least two weeks prior to administration, all surveys, interviews, assessments, or focus group activities that impact PVUSD staff or students.
Research Instruments. The research team created study flyers that included a link to the confidential electronic and were approved by Emory IRB. The flyer and link to the quantitative screener were distributed through Georgia maternal health professional organizations, healthcare networks, academic institutions with nursing and medical programs as well as maternal and infant health programs and coalitions. Due to a poor response rate from distributing the advertisement flyer and screener advertisement, a Facebook and Instagram ad paid for by the Emory Global Health Institute was used to disseminate the survey more directly to the specific population. The survey was kept open for two months before being closed due to a high response rate. These screeners were then self-administered using a link to Xxxxx XXXXxx, a secure, internally hosted, browser-based research data management system that held this confidential information. The confidential screener began with a question to gain consent to participate in the study and then had 22 demographic, pregnancy, and telehealth use related questions that took about 5-10 minutes for the survey respondent to complete. Using REDCap and Excel, respondents to the screener survey who met the eligibility criteria were chosen by the research team and then contacted through phone for a follow- up in-depth interview. The interviewers went through a training on data collection for in- depth interviews with participants semi-structured completed over Zoom. Zoom was the chosen platform to record the interviews as well as mitigate any COVID-19 risks to participants or interviewers by partaking in the study. First, the interviewer received verbal consent using the consent forms already approved by IRB, that were then stored in the project EmoryBox folder, which holds sensitive data securely. The patients were interviewed for a duration of 30 minutes to 1.5 hours. The interviews were conducted over a six-month interval by the research team with the majority conducted in August and September 2020 (82% within these two months), two interviews conducted in October, and one interview conducted in January 2021. After each interview, a memo was created on the interview by the interviewer, the audio- recording was uploaded, and interview notes were uploaded to the password protected project EmoryBox Folder.
Research Instruments. Survey and Interviews Survey: To obtain information through the interrogation, I did a questionnaire to be answered for the students of Ninth Grade of Basic Education at ―El Triunfo‖ High School.
Research Instruments. Survey and Interviews…..……………… 27
Research Instruments. The following description of study measures is organized by variable-type. The main independent variable was iApp acceptance, encompassing effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, and behavioral intention. Moderating variables were eHealth literacy and previous smartphone exposure. The main dependent variable was real-time iApp usage. Permissions have been obtained from Xx. Xxxxxxxxx and from Xx. Xxxxxx to use their respective surveys, UTAUT2 and eHEALS (Appendixes A-B). Permission by Xx. Xxxxxxxxx to modify the UTAUT2 scale was also obtained (Appendix C). The Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxx grade level for the combined revised subscales is 4.6. Items were scored using a 7-point Likert scale, from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). With all subscales combined, survey totals can range between 14 and 112. Higher scores indicate greater acceptance and intent to adopt the target technology. Scores range from 4 to 28, with higher totals indicating better perceptions of technology- related benefits. Venkatesh et al. (2012) reported good internal consistency reliability (ICR) for this subscale, with a Cronbach’s α = 0.88. “My interaction with mobile Internet is clear and understandable,” to, “Smartphone apps are clear and user-friendly to use.” The rationale behind this revision is that all survey respondents may not easily understand the wording of the first statement. Per the Xxxxxx Reading Ease test, the original statement was worded at twelfth-grade reading level. The revised version was worded at a fifth-grade level. Scores range from 4 to 28, with higher totals indicating greater beliefs that the technology is easy and accessible. This subscale demonstrated an excellent ICR, with a Cronbach’s α = 0.91 (Venkatesh et al., 2012).
Research Instruments. This figure shows an overview of the instruments the researcher used during both phases of the research, qualitative and quantitative, that provided information to respond to the questions leading this study. Validity and reliability are essential aspects of all research to ensure the findings are credible and trustworthy. In any study, reliability and validity are imperative to avoid subjectivity in collecting and interpreting data. As defined by Xxxxx (1993), reliability is concerned with the consistency, stability, and repeatability of the informant's accounts and the investigators' ability to collect and record information accurately. On the other hand, validity, according to Xxxxxxx (2013), refers to the "correctness or credibility of a description, conclusion, explanation, interpretation, or another sort of account" (p. 21). In other words, reliability requires that a researcher obtain the same or comparable results every time the same method is used on the same comparable subjects. Validity is linked to the accuracy and truthfulness of scientific findings. More importantly, defining these two concepts for research identifies and deals with potential threats to reliability and validity. As Xxxxxxx (2013) states, such threats are unavoidable, but we must acknowledge them in our study's proposal in order to create valid and reliable research.
