Socio-Ecological Model. CDC uses a four-level Social-Ecological Model to better understand domains that influence decisions, behaviors, and outcomes and the effect of potential prevention strategies in influencing positive changes in these domains. This model considers the complex interplay between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors.
Socio-Ecological Model. TAIS is conceptualized having in mind the social and political "ecosystem" in which it takes place. Three levels of intervention are distinguished: ▪ Micro level: individual / interpersonal. Family and affective-emotional context. ▪ Meso level: institutional. Interactions with communities of origin, receiving communities during transit and at destination, contexts of groups and associations, etc. ▪ Macro level: policy / law. It is very unlikely that we can achieve results at the macro level during the project. Macro level is the context to keep in mind all the time and recommendations can be written aimed at the macro level but TAIS should be implemented on the meso or micro level. If there is an obstacle found on the macro level, which makes a given TAIS proposal unfeasible, it should be modified to something feasible. Meso level is for institutions and organisations, and includes entities such as: refugee reception facility, service centre (general for all citizens or refugee-specific facility) and community-based organization (migrant NGO, pro-migrant NGO, relief agency). The types of intervention or change can be in terms of material change (improvement of material environment), improved accessibility (information, opening hours, location, and language), procedural improvement (new or different services, methodologies) or changes in skills, attitudes and/or knowledge of staff. Micro level is for individuals, including expert staff (service provider), migrants or refugee individuals already in a vulnerability context, migrants or refugee individuals in risk of becoming vulnerable. Here, the types of intervention or change can be in several forms, such as awareness raising and improvement of interpersonal and intercultural skills, prevention of critical situations, rehabilitation restorative interventions, self-help and peer support, or monitoring and improvement of work methodologies.
