Rainfall. Rainfall data is collected and recorded locally at Tidworth Sewage Treatment Works on a daily basis. It is also shared by the Environment Agency on a regular basis. Under normal conditions, the operations team reviews the rainfall data on a quarterly basis. As a drought develops, this would increase to monthly in order to track the development of the drought and its impacts.
Rainfall. Precipitation, as a function of time and space, is highly variable. For example, daily precipitation records at New Orleans Xxxxxxx Airport (MSY) and the Grand Isle C-MAN (GDIL1) station, that are separated by about 80 km, show the correlation coefficient of only r 2 = 0.34 in 1999 (Figure 1-6) and appears to vary seasonally (Park, 2002). There were only five stations where precipitation measurements were made in the vicinity of Barataria Basin. For this study, however, only the precipitation record from MSY was used for the following reason. The dominant upstream regions which account for 61% of total land are best represented by MSY Figure 1-4. Schematic diagram illustrating hydrological cycle and forcing functions for hydrodynamics in the Barataria Basin. Figure 1-5. Modeling approach for an integrated hydrology-hydrodynamic model. MSY Station Rainfall (cm) 3 2 1 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 GDIL1 Station Rainfall (cm) 3 2 1 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Days (1/1 - 12/31, 1999) Figure 1-6. Daily precipitation at MSY (upper) and GDIL1 (lower) in 1999.
Rainfall. The area receives a maximum rainfall of 465 mm. during the month of august and the minimum rainfall recorded in the month of February is nil mm.
Rainfall. The total rainfall in year is observed to be 912.1 mm. Distribution of rainfall by season is 2.8 mm in winter (December, January, February), 9.9 mm in summer (March, April, May), 860.7 mm in monsoons (June, July, August, September) and 38.7 mm in post-monsoons (October - November).
Rainfall. The AWS shall be offered with remote weather display console to display above parameters in real time. Data-logger with Serial/LAN interface along with 75m interface cable shall be provided for logging and displaying the above meteorological parameters. The details specifications of each sensor are provided below.
Rainfall. Total rainfall has declined by 5% since the start of the 20th century and has exhibited considerable spatial and temporal variability, which in later years has been accompanied by:
Rainfall. Rainfall emerged as a key determinant of dengue infection in this region. Recent literature from Honduras, Barbados, and Trinidad investigated the relationship between rainfall, climate variation, and El Niño Southern Oscillation with dengue infection. Xxxxxxxx et al., (2012) conducted a study in the main hospital of Honduras to investigate the potential associations between climatic variations and dengue hemorrhagic fever. This was the first study out of Honduras to link El Niño Southern Oscillation and climatic variation to dengue incidence and epidemics. The study found that higher rain probability, rain accumulation, humidity, and the Oceanic Niño Index were the most significant factors influencing dengue incidence in Honduras. Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx’x study in Barbados also found that precipitation affected the occurrence of dengue, however, their findings only showed a .14% increase in the monthly odds of a dengue outbreak. In Trinidad, another study on the effects of climate on dengue incidence found rainfall to be significantly associated with dengue incidence (Xxxxxx et al., 2017). Although Xxxxxx et al.’s study found a significant correlation between rainfall and dengue incidence, their results found no significant correlation between temperature and dengue incidence (Xxxxxx et al., 2017; Xxxxxx et al., 2007).
Rainfall. With increasing intensity and frequency of global precipitation, targeted vector control and trans-disciplinary approaches are needed to control the growing Aedes aegypti population at each level of the socio-ecologic model (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2012; Xxxxxx et al., 2007) Figure 8: The Socio-ecologic Model The socio-ecological model illustrates the ways in which complex systems of individuals, family and peer networks, community, and social relationships interact and influence health in regard to dengue virus.
TABLE 1: Extraction of Eligible Studies Study Title Study location Social Determinant Climate Variable Significant Results Impact of environmental temperatures on resistance to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti from Trinidad (Xxxxxx et al, 2012) Trinidad N/A Environmental temperature impact on organophosphate resistance "With increased temperatures, the life cycle of the mosquito will be shortened; smaller mosquitoes, which feed more frequently, will be produced; the geographic range of the mosquitoes will expand; and the extrinsic incubation period of the virus will be shortened…The shortening of the mosquito life cycle with increased environmental temperatures will undoubtedly result in the propagation of resistance through selection " Event history analysis of dengue fever epidemic and inter-epidemic spells in Barbados, Brazil, and Thailand (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 2012) Barbados, Brazil, & Thailand N/A Temperature and drought "Mean monthly temperature was the most important factor affecting the duration of both inter-epidemic spells…and epidemic spells… drought conditions increased the time between epidemics. Increased temperature hastened the onset of an epidemic, and during an epidemic, higher mean temperature increased the duration of the epidemic… correlation between temperature and the geographic range and vector efficiency of dengue fever" Associations between household environmental factors and immature mosquito abundance in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (Madewell, et al., 2019) Guatemala Housing, transportation, paved roads, and environmental capital N/A "Proximity to other houses and paved roads was associated with greater abundance of larvae and pupae. Understanding risk factors such as these can allow for improved targeting of surveillance and vector control measures in areas considered at higher risk for arbovirus transmission."
