Travel Demand Sample Clauses

Travel Demand. Childress et al. (2015) used Seattle, Washington, region’s activity-based travel model to test a range of travel behavior impacts from AV technology development. The existing activity-based model was not originally designed with AVs in mind so some modifications to the model assumptions are described in areas of roadway capacity, user values of time, and parking costs. To model potential impacts of AVs in the Puget Sound region, four scenarios are considered. Results show that improvements in roadway capacity and in the quality of the driving trip may lead to large increases in VMT, while a shift to per-mile usage charges may counteract that trend. Zmud et al. (2016) used the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) 2010 travel-demand forecasting model. The model is founded on a trip-based approach which uses individual trips as the unit of analysis and applies the traditional four-step process. Assuming that the travel time will be less onerous with the introduction of automation, different scenarios were tested. The result did not reveal a significant change in terms of VMT. Xxxxxxx et al. (2020) used the journey demand model, including records of 1.17 billion long- distance trips to investigate inter-regional travel and how long-distance destination and mode choices will change, assuming an increase of AVs. The result showed an increase in VMT for all trip purposes. Nadafian et al. (2019) used an integrated travel demand and land-use modeling system to evaluate how AVs may affect congestion, travel demand and land use. The findings demonstrated significant reductions in traffic congestion, an increase in VMT, toxic, and greenhouse gas emissions. It also found that AVs may shift population and employment growth to more suburban and fringe areas. While congestion is decreased on average with the introduction of AVs, some roadways will become more congested. The study concluded that the change in development patterns alters traffic patterns and can increase travel demand enough in some areas to offset increases in roadway capacity. Xx et al. (2019) assessed the impact of AVs on network performance by applying the ABM-DTA integration framework, which established an activity-based equilibrium state model. The results showed an increase in VMT and VHT, which leads to severe congestion in the evening peak hour. Xxxx et al. (2019) presented a regional travel demand model to quantify how transportation outcomes may differ for disadvantaged populat...
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Related to Travel Demand

  • Travel Advance Regular employees not covered by a work party advance, and who are required to proceed on travel status, shall be provided with an adequate travel advance. The amount of advance will be determined by such factors as time away from headquarters and the frequency of reimbursement.

  • Travel Reimbursement 2.1 The County will only cover costs associated with travel on vendors outside a 50 mile radius from Xxxxxxxxxx County, Texas.

  • Travel Policy (1) Travel arrangements shall be planned in accordance with the Federal Travel regulations, prescribed by the General Services Administration for travel in the conterminous 48 United States, (hereinafter the FTR) and the Joint Travel Regulation, Volume 2, DoD Civilian Personnel, Appendix A, prescribed by the Department of Defense (hereinafter the JTR).

  • Travel Expenses CONTRACTOR shall not be allowed or paid travel expenses unless set forth in this Agreement.

  • Travel Expense Any EMPLOYEE who must use his personal automobile or otherwise provide his own transportation when on school district business shall be reimbursed by the BOARD according to the amount established by current BOARD policy.

  • TRAVEL COSTS (a) All travel incurred by SELLER in the performance of this Contract is included within the Contract price and shall not be separately reimbursed by LOCKHEED XXXXXX unless such travel is expressly authorized in writing in advance by LOCKHEED XXXXXX’x Procurement Representative.

  • Travel Expense Reimbursement Pricing for services provided under this Contract are exclusive of any travel expenses that may be incurred in the performance of those services. Travel expense reimbursement may include personal vehicle mileage or commercial coach transportation, hotel accommodations, parking and meals; provided, however, the amount of reimbursement by Customers shall not exceed the amounts authorized for state employees as adopted by each Customer; and provided, further, that all reimbursement rates shall not exceed the maximum rates established for state employees under the current State Travel Management Program (xxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxxxx.xx.xx/procurement/prog/stmp/). Travel time may not be included as part of the amounts payable by Customer for any services rendered under this Contract. The DIR administrative fee specified in Section 5 below is not applicable to travel expense reimbursement. Anticipated travel expenses must be pre-approved in writing by Customer.

  • Travel Advances The University will, to the extent permitted by State law and rule, provide travel advances, upon request, of up to eighty (80) percent of budgeted expenses for authorized travel of longer than five (5) consecutive days.

  • Requesting Reimbursement Requests for reimbursements must be submitted via the ASAP system. Requests for reimbursement should coincide with normal billing patterns. Each request must be limited to the amount of disbursements made for the Federal share of direct project costs and the proportionate share of allowable indirect costs incurred during that billing period.

  • Travel Allowance 15. First Aid Allowance

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