Baseline and the justification for EU level action Sample Clauses

Baseline and the justification for EU level action. In Europe, household and industrial water metering continues to increase. Many Member States already meter the majority of water uses. However, in many countries and in relation to agriculture water use metering is still limited81. The assessment of RBMPs shows that the absence of metering for many major water users prevents any volumetric charging for water. The Pressures and Measures study found that 40% of RBMPs include actions to enhance metering, but it is not clear how far the problem gap will be addressed82. For a limited number of Member States, the following data could be collected from case studies on the share of metered connections. In Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France and Germany, the share amounts to 100% for both domestic and industrial water use. In the Netherlands the metered share is 96% for domestic water and 100% for industrial water. In Sweden it amounts to 95% for domestic water and 100% for industrial water, in the Czech Republic 93% for both domestic and industrial water use, in the UK 42% for domestic water use37. Metering is not yet employed to its full potential in the European agricultural sector. It is expanding but still insufficient to verify if the water allocation plans are followed, or if the gap between water availability and consumption continues to increase; and monitoring of abstractions is also considered weak83,84. In some cases, metering is obliged for permit holders, though limited evidence on the actual implementation and control at the farm level 80 Ex-post evaluation case studies of Cyprus, France and Romania have confirmed the positive impact metering has on water use and promoting water savings in agriculture through volumetric pricing (ARCADIS et al., 2012). 81 See xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxxxxx.xx/themes/water/water-resources/policies-and-measures-to-promote- sustainable-water-use 82 WRc, ACTeon, Ecologic, XXXX, XXXXX, Intersus, ARCADIS (2012). Comparative Study of Pressures and Measures in the Major River Basin Management Plans, study commissioned by DG ENV 83 Xxxxxxxx, X.; Xxxxxx, M.R.; Xxxxxxxxx–Xxxx, N.; Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, L.; Xxxxxxxx–Xxxxxx, P. (2009). Issues related to intensive groundwater use. In: Xxxxxxx, A.; Xxxxxx, R. (Ed.) (2009). Water policy in Spain. Balkema
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Baseline and the justification for EU level action. ‌ Comparisons of water prices between water sectors in the EU are difficult, due to the extensive range of water tariffs between Member States but also between and within RBDs, the variability in price depending on the source of supply, the variability in tariff structures, etc. An indication of agricultural, industrial and household water prices for some Member States is given below37. During the 1990s, there has been a general trend towards higher water prices in real terms throughout Europe, particularly in the domestic sector. Most Member States use domestic water tariffs with fixed and volumetric components. The EEA indicator fact sheet (2010) on water prices indicated that many cities in Mediterranean countries have below average water prices, as do those in countries with abundant water supplies; in contrast water prices are highest in northern European cities38.‌ The table below gives an overview of the current range of drinking water cost in a range of Member States and regions, based on a family of 4 residents with an average drinking water consumption of 132 m³. 36 IEFE, IEEP, FFU and Adelphi consult. (2009). The links between the environment and competitiveness: Part 1 Water Policies and Competitiveness Report to the European Commission Project ENV.G.1/ETU/2007/0041 37 ARCADIS (ongoing). Comparison of prices of water/waste water/rain water for users in various European countries, study commissioned by the Flemish Water agency. 38 EEA (2003). “Indicator Fact Sheet – (WQ05) Water Prices”. xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxxxxx.xx/data-and- maps/indicators/water-prices Current drinking water cost (€/year) in a range of Member States and regions, based on a family of 4 residents with an average consumption of 132 m³. Source: Reproduced from ARCADIS, ongoing10 Minimum Maximum Flanders Region 112 171 Brussels Region 219 219 Walloon region 172 239 Netherlands 171 306 UK 90 209 France 116 198 Germany 147 282 Portugal 12 241 Czech Republic 98 129 Austria 40 231 Denmark 70 469 The figure below relates these tariffs to the median disposable household income for the same type of families. Current share of the total drinking water cost in the median disposable household income in a range of Member States and regions, based on a family of 4 residents with an average drinking water consumption of 132 m³. Source: Reproduced from ARCADIS, ongoing10 Min Average Weighted average Max 8,00% 7,00% 6,00% 5,00% 4,00% 3,00% 2,00% 1,00% 0,00% Flanders Reg Brussels Reg Walloon Reg Nether...

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