Deforestation. Medium Unsustainable harvesting of coastal forests, especially mangroves, lead to destruction and alteration of a primary habitat in the TBCA area. Careful forest management with improved collaboration between the agencies responsible, adherence to management guidelines, and replanting initiatives all need to be instituted, and no-take areas respected.
Deforestation. The MINAM National Directorate for Territorial Planning designed a deforestation map (2012) which indicated that deforestation had reached 8,033,216 ha by 2009 at national level. This suggests that the deforestation rate was 91,100 ha/year between 2000 and 2005, and had increased to 163,300 ha/year between 2005 and 2009 (MINAM 2013), amounting to a 123,000 ha/year rate for 2000–2009. The main deforestation spots are located in the lower and mid-altitude areas of the mountainous forests in the regions of Cajamarca, Amazonas and San Xxxxxx and in the terraces and low hills of the regions of Loreto and Ucayali (lowland forest). The regions with the highest deforestation rates, according to a 1995 forest map, are San Xxxxxx (57,521 ha/year) and Loreto (54,712 ha/year) (MINAM 2009). Nevertheless, the 2009 deforestation map suggests that for the 2000–2009 period, regional deforestation rates decreased to 17,395 ha/year in San Xxxxxx and 23,454 ha/year in Loreto. Loreto’s deforestation accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the overall deforestation for this period. From 2009 to 2011, the highest rates were found in San Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx and Ucayali (table C.1.2). GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL | PAGE 10 OF 101 Table C.1.2 Deforestation rate in the The project will work in Province of the Datem del Maranon (PDM) in Peruvian Amazon, 2009–2011 the Loreto region. The historical deforestation statistics have been estimated by XXXXX and provided to PROFONANPE for this proposal, as indicated in figure C.1.1 and in map 10.4 in section I. The data indicate that in this century the average deforestation rate at provincial level is 2,234 ha/year and the loss of aguajales averages 102 ha/year. The historical loss of aguajales is depicted in figure C.1.2. The direct causes associated with the historical deforestation in PDM are the expansion of the agricultural frontier by new settlers to the province, the exploitation of forests in indigenous lands by intermediaries and with the consent of some members of the communities, and the application of traditional practices for collecting the fruit from palm trees by cutting the trees. Intermediaries have no incentives to apply sustainable practices because they have no stake in the land or its long-term productivity. Another source of deforestation in PDM comes mostly from illegal logging by intermediaries who obtain logging permits falsely in the name of the indigenous communities. Given the needs of communities and the fact that t...
Deforestation. Plant roots have the tendency to bind soil and thus they are helpful to retard slope instability unless the failure plane is very deep i.e. beyond the root zone. This factor contributes for many Himalayan landslides, as intensive deforestation is reported in many parts of the Himalaya. Agricultural practices on steep slopes, Irrigation on steep and vulnerable slopes, Overgrazing and Quarrying for construction materials without considering condition of the terrain Often, improper selection of the site or lack of terrain capability evaluation before the placement of infrastructures such hill roads and canals may cause landslides. Moreover, overloading of slopes or removal of lateral support by human interference is a prime concern for slope failures in many areas. The use of explosives to blast the surfaces of the mountains while constructing roads has brought its own brand of havoc. A study on establishing relationship between the Mussoorie-Tehri road construction and the subsequent landslides in the region, revealed that landslides caused more devastation in deforested rather than forested areas. The study found that 148 landslides took place on slopes where the tree cover was less than 40% and 118 landslides took place where the tree cover was more than 60%. It was found that the landslide debris in afforested area was only 12 m3 as compared to 26 m3 of debris in deforested areas. Similarly, 30000 to 40000 m3 of soil was excavated in carving out 1 km of road in the Himalayas – a figure that eloquently reveals the extent of damage that even relatively harmless activity like road construction does to the local ecology. To make matters worse, most roads are constructed without proper field survey methods. Such roads invariably cause new landslides or reactivate old ones. At present, about 44000 km long roads are spread over the Himalayan region. It has been calculated that 550 m3 of debris per km of road is produced annually by landslides and rockfalls, causing enormous amount of sediment to slide down the slopes. Most of the roads in Himalayan region have been unscientifically constructed. For example, Panar-Ghat road sections (Distt. Pithoragarh) is constructed parallel to North Almora Thrust. Similarly, Ratighat- Garampani road runs parallel to fault line. At 147 km on Haridwar-Badrinath road (Garhwal Himalaya) a multitier slide, having combination of surficial and deep- seated movement of fragmented rock, had occurred (Pande, 2006). Urbanization ...
Deforestation. (1,5-7,10)
Deforestation. The annual utilization should not exceed the allowable cut determined by the XXXXX assessment. If the amount utilized is found to be: • Up to 10% more than the allowable cut, the annual forest rent will be increased by 10% and the over utilized volume will be deducted from the following year’s allocation. In addition, a warning will be given to the WAJIB in writing by the district RLNRAA. • More than 10% in excess of the allowable cut, the forest in the block is taken to have been reduced leading to deforestation. Therefore, this is sanctioned by cancellation of the agreement with consequences as specified under article 5.
