Developing Countries at the GATT Negotiations Sample Clauses

Developing Countries at the GATT Negotiations. The purpose of the TRIPS Agreement is to eliminate distortions in international trade relating to intellectual property rights.50 However at the GATT far from reducing these distortions, industrialised nations like the US pushing the agenda for intellectual property had a clear objective of universalising the standards of protection worldwide. Developing countries negotiated the TRIPS Agreement with the hope that with increased standards of intellectual property protection, they will have access to industrialised nation markets for their textiles and agricultural products and also they would benefit from technology transfer. Furthermore the US strategy of coercion using the section 301 process was in play during the negotiations and ‘developing countries that attempted to organise resistance to several aspects found themselves subject to the process.’51 In the belief that little resistance to accepting the TRIPS Agreement might cause some restraint on the US in the use of the 301 processes, many developing countries reluctantly negotiated increased standards of protection for 48 Ibid page 426‌ 49 WIPO, Intellectual Property and Human Rights, 1998 page 21. 50 The preamble to the TRIPS Agreement commences with a statement of desire by member states ‘to reduce distortions and impediments to international trade and taking into account the need to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights, and to ensure that measures and procedures to enforce intellectual property rights do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade’ 51 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, supra note 44. Page 427 intellectual property rights and further acquiesced in making important concessions in terms of reform of their intellectual property legislation. It is said that ‘members of the WTO agreed to a common set of international rules against a background of long running bilateral pressure on selected developing countries to strengthen patent laws. Now all members are expected to implement new laws that look very much like those in the US and Europe.’52 However ‘developing countries had realised long before the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement that pharmaceutical patents would mean increased prices for drugs, an increase in profits and payments for companies abroad and also a greater penetration of markets by foreign firms’.53 As such for a long time developing countries refused to negotiate patent protection for pharmaceuticals54, but however it became impossible politically...
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Related to Developing Countries at the GATT Negotiations

  • Annual Negotiations Negotiations will be conducted each year according to the ground rules as mutually agreed upon prior to negotiations. Ground Rules (see APPENDIX F - GROUND RULES) used at the previous year's sessions will serve as the basis for discussing any changes before adopting ground rules for the current negotiating sessions. Such ground rules mutually agreed upon shall assist in the orderly process for negotiations.

  • Development cooperation 1. The Parties recognise that development cooperation is a crucial element of their Partnership and an essential factor in the realisation of the objectives of this Agreement as laid down in Article 1. This cooperation can take financial and non-financial forms.

  • PROVISIONAL AGREEMENT RESULTING FROM INTERINSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS Subject: Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Pan- European Personal Pension Product (PEPP) (COM(2017)0343 – C8-0219/2017 – 2017/0143(COD)) The interinstitutional negotiations on the aforementioned proposal for a regulation have led to a compromise. In accordance with Rule 69f(4) of the Rules of Procedure, the provisional agreement, reproduced below, is submitted as a whole to the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs for decision by way of a single vote. AG\1177088EN.docx PE634.848v01-00 EN United in diversity EN REGULATION (EU) 2019/... OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of ... on a pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP) (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee1, Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure2,

  • PROFESSIONAL NEGOTIATIONS A. Not later than March 1 of the calendar year in which this Agreement expires, the Association and the District will begin negotiations for a successor Agreement. Any Agreement so negotiated will apply to all teachers, and will be reduced to writing and signed by the District and the Association.

  • Traditional Medicine Cooperation 1. The aims of Traditional Medicine cooperation will be: (a) to build on existing agreements or arrangements already in place for Traditional Medicine cooperation; and (b) to promote information exchanges on Traditional Medicine between the Parties. 2. In pursuit of the objectives in Article 149 (Objectives), the Parties will encourage and facilitate, as appropriate, the following activities, including, but not limited to: (a) encouraging dialogue on Traditional Medicine policies and promotion of respective Traditional Medicine; (b) raising awareness of active effects of Traditional Medicine; (c) encouraging exchange of experience in conservation and restoration of Traditional Medicine; (d) encouraging exchange of experience on management, research and development for Traditional Medicine; (e) encouraging cooperation in the Traditional Medicine education field, mainly through training programs and means of communication; (f) having a consultation mechanism between the Parties' Traditional Medicine authorities; (g) encouraging cooperation in Traditional Medicine therapeutic services and products manufacturing; and (h) encouraging cooperation in research in the fields of Traditional Medicine in order to contribute in efficacy and safety assessments of natural resources and products used in health care.

  • Contract Negotiations Where operational requirements permit, and on reasonable notice, the Employer shall grant special leave with pay for not more than two (2) representatives of each bargaining unit for the purpose of attending contract negotiation meetings with the Employer on behalf of the Union. Such permission shall not be unreasonably withheld.

  • Exclusive Negotiations The State will not bargain collectively or meet with any employee organization other than MSEA-SEIU with reference to terms and conditions of employment of employees covered by this Agreement. If any such organizations request meetings they will be advised by the State to transmit their requests concerning terms and conditions of employment to MSEA-SEIU.

  • Local Negotiations Facilities of less than 150 beds -- Two (2) nurses Facilities of 151 - 400 beds -- Three (3) nurses Facilities of over 400 beds -- Four (4) nurses

  • GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND SECTOR SPECIFIC ALLOWANCES, CONDITIONS AND EXCEPTIONS The following allowances and conditions shall apply where relevant: Where the company does work which falls under the following headings, the company agrees to pay and observe the relevant respective conditions and/or exceptions set out below in each case.

  • Project Team Cooperation Partnering 1.1.3 Constitutional Principles Applicable to State Public Works Projects.

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