Gender and English textbooks in Asian contexts Sample Clauses

Gender and English textbooks in Asian contexts. To have a comparable context for this study, similar studies published in Asian countries are considered, because according to Sunderland (2000) cited by Xxxxxx and Xxxxx (2012), textbooks used in developing countries receive less attention regarding the issue of gender. All of these studies targeted books and textbooks used to teach English. Also, they used criteria- based analysis, with different methods of discourse analysis. In the Pakistani context, two studies are reported with similar findings. The first study discussed is by Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx (2013). The findings of this study suggested that although women have recently had a great share of authorship of textbooks, gender stereotypes still exist. The second study is by Xxxxxx and Xxxxx (2012) using content analysis method. The study was conducted on stories used in primary classes as a part of the curriculum, and it indicated existence of gender inequity and discrimination. In addition, in Iran, a study was conducted by Xxxxxx (2013) using CDA. It was conducted on different Iranian textbooks used in different educational institutes. The findings were that, in conversations, women and men were represented equally and have equal turn- taking. However, in visual illustration, women were underrepresented. Xxx’x (2014a) study was conducted in the context of Hong Kong. His comparative study was done on English textbooks used in 1980s and the present day. His findings demonstrated significant increase in the appearance of women and an increased use of feminine pronouns. Also, women were more represented in non-stereotypical roles compared to the old textbooks, showing general improvement in gender-equity matter. However, men were still mentioned first. Xxx (2014b) conducted another study in the Japanese context using corpus analysis to analyse textbooks. The study concluded that although there was neutral use of vocabulary, men were represented more and always mentioned first. An interesting corpus analysis study was conducted by Xxxx (2012) in Hong Kong, and revealed reduction of gender stereotypes by portraying women as capable and active members in the society. However, these stereotypes were still persistent in terms of clothes. To sum up, it is crucial to highlight the influence of society on textbooks and vice versa. The studies considered in this section indicate a general negative attitude in text regarding the issue of gender. However, some studies suggest an improvement in representing genders a...
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Related to Gender and English textbooks in Asian contexts

  • References and Titles All references in this Agreement to Exhibits, Schedules, articles, sections, subsections and other subdivisions refer to the Exhibits, Schedules, articles, sections, subsections and other subdivisions of this Agreement unless expressly provided otherwise. Titles appearing at the beginning of any subdivisions are for convenience only and do not constitute any part of such subdivisions and shall be disregarded in construing the language contained in such subdivisions. The words "this Agreement", "this instrument", "herein", "hereof", "hereby", "hereunder" and words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular subdivision unless expressly so limited. The phrases "this section" and "this subsection" and similar phrases refer only to the sections or subsections hereof in which such phrases occur. The word "or" is not exclusive, and the word "including" (in its various forms) means "including without limitation". Pronouns in masculine, feminine and neuter genders shall be construed to include any other gender, and words in the singular form shall be construed to include the plural and vice versa, unless the context otherwise requires.

  • Variations in Pronouns All pronouns and any variations thereof refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the context may require.

  • Masculine or Feminine Gender Unless otherwise specifically stated, any provision in this Agreement which is expressed in terms of the masculine shall, in its application to a female employee, be read with the necessary changes to express the feminine, and vice versa.

  • Nouns and Pronouns Whenever the context may require, any pronouns used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine, or neuter forms, and the singular forms of nouns and pronouns shall include the plural, and vice versa.

  • Gender and Use of Singular and Plural All pronouns shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the party or parties or their personal representatives, successors and assigns may require.

  • Genders The masculine, feminine and neuter genders used herein shall include the masculine, feminine and neuter genders.

  • Headings; References; Pronouns The headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof. References herein to section numbers are to sections of this Agreement. All pronouns and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural as appropriate.

  • References to Statutes Each reference to a statute or statutory provision includes any statute or statutory provision which amends, extends, consolidates or replaces the statute or statutory provision or which has been amended, extended, consolidated or replaced by the statute or statutory provision and includes any orders, regulations, by-laws, ordinances, codes of practice or instruments made under the relevant statute.

  • GENDER AND PLURAL 31.01 Whenever the context so requires, the use of words herein in the singular shall be construed to include the plural, and words in the plural, the singular, and words whether in the masculine, feminine or neuter gender shall be construed to include all of said genders. By the use of either the masculine or feminine genders it is understood that said use is for convenience purposes only and is not to be interpreted to be discriminatory by reason of sex.

  • Headings Not Controlling 2.2.1 The headings and numbering of Sections, Parts, Appendices Schedules and Exhibits to this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not be construed to define or limit any of the terms herein or affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. 2.2.2 This Agreement incorporates a number of Appendices which, together with their associated Attachments, Exhibits, Schedules and Addenda, constitute the entire Agreement between the Parties. In order to facilitate use and comprehension of the Agreement, the Appendices have been grouped under broad headings. It is understood that these groupings are for convenience of reference only, and are not intended to limit the applicability that any particular appendix, attachment, exhibit, schedule or addenda may otherwise have.

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