Gender and English textbooks in Asian contexts Sample Clauses

Gender and English textbooks in Asian contexts. To have a comparable context for this study, similar studies published in Asian countries are considered, because according to Sunderland (2000) cited by Xxxxxx and Xxxxx (2012), textbooks used in developing countries receive less attention regarding the issue of gender. All of these studies targeted books and textbooks used to teach English. Also, they used criteria- based analysis, with different methods of discourse analysis. In the Pakistani context, two studies are reported with similar findings. The first study discussed is by Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx (2013). The findings of this study suggested that although women have recently had a great share of authorship of textbooks, gender stereotypes still exist. The second study is by Xxxxxx and Xxxxx (2012) using content analysis method. The study was conducted on stories used in primary classes as a part of the curriculum, and it indicated existence of gender inequity and discrimination. In addition, in Iran, a study was conducted by Xxxxxx (2013) using CDA. It was conducted on different Iranian textbooks used in different educational institutes. The findings were that, in conversations, women and men were represented equally and have equal turn- taking. However, in visual illustration, women were underrepresented. Xxx’x (2014a) study was conducted in the context of Hong Kong. His comparative study was done on English textbooks used in 1980s and the present day. His findings demonstrated significant increase in the appearance of women and an increased use of feminine pronouns. Also, women were more represented in non-stereotypical roles compared to the old textbooks, showing general improvement in gender-equity matter. However, men were still mentioned first. Xxx (2014b) conducted another study in the Japanese context using corpus analysis to analyse textbooks. The study concluded that although there was neutral use of vocabulary, men were represented more and always mentioned first. An interesting corpus analysis study was conducted by Xxxx (2012) in Hong Kong, and revealed reduction of gender stereotypes by portraying women as capable and active members in the society. However, these stereotypes were still persistent in terms of clothes. To sum up, it is crucial to highlight the influence of society on textbooks and vice versa. The studies considered in this section indicate a general negative attitude in text regarding the issue of gender. However, some studies suggest an improvement in representing genders a...
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