Message Flooding Sample Clauses

Message Flooding. An attacker can send a large volume of messages, or a single message that contains a large number of requests, with the goal of overwhelming the OPC server or components on which the OPC server may depend for reliable operation such as CPU, TCP/IP stack, Operating System, or the file system. Flooding attacks can be conducted at multiple layers including OPC-UA, SOAP, [HTTP], or TCP. Message flooding attacks can use both well-formed and malformed messages. In the first scenario the attacker could be a malicious person using a legitimate client to flood the server with requests. Two cases exist, one in which the client does not have a session with the server and one in which it does. Message flooding may impair the ability to establish OPC-UA sessions, or terminate an existing session. More generally message flooding may impair the ability to communicate with an OPC-UA entity and result in denial of service. Message flooding impacts availability.
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Message Flooding. ‌ OPC UA minimizes the loss of availability caused by message flooding by minimizing the amount of processing that must be done with a message before the message is authenticated. This prevents an attacker from leveraging a small amount of effort to cause the legitimate OPC UA Application to spend a large amount of time responding, thus taking away processing resources from legitimate activities. GetSecurityPolicies (specified in [UA Part 4]) and OpenSecureChannel (specified in [UA Part 4]) are the only services that the server must handle before the client is recognized. The response to GetSecurityPolicies is only a small set of static information so the server does not need to do much processing. The response to OpenSecureChannel consumes significant server resources because of the signature and encryption processing. The server implementation could protect itself from floods of OpenSecureChannel messages in two ways: first, the server could intentionally delay its processing of OpenSecureChannel requests once it receives a bad one and issuing an alarm would alert plant personnel that an attack is underway that could still be blocking new legitimate OpenSecureChannel calls; second, when an OpenSecureChannel request attempts to exceed the server’s specified maximum number of concurrent channels the server must give an error response without performing the signature and encryption processing. Certified OPC UA servers are required to specify their maximum number of concurrent channels in their product documentation as specified in [UA Part 7]. OPC UA user and client authentication reduce the risk of a legitimate client being used to mount a flooding attack. See the reconciliation of authentication in Section 5.2.2.

Related to Message Flooding

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