Overall Findings. Overall, the results from the responses to the baseline questionnaire shows that the CCRs are starting program implementation at the same level. The data –taken from the CCRs—is a combination of responses from the members of each CCR, both the lead and affiliate members. The finding shows that each CCR is at the mid-low level, receiving an average score of two out of four. CCRs received a score of a “2” in the areas of both partnership and collaborative research capacities, indicating that partnerships and collaborative research are present among the CCRs. While many institutions only acknowledged having partnerships with other HEIs (either Indonesia or U.S.-based institutions) and experience in joint research activities, the project noted that only several institutions provided detailed information of the types of partnerships and collaborative research. This indicates that activities that have occurred in the past have not been properly documented and stored. These results led to XXXXX’s recommendation that the institutions better document their activities and/or save the documentation in easily accessible files, and that there is the need to have more partnership and collaborative research occur in the future. There were some institutions that noted having no past or current experience with partnerships and/or collaborative research (see Section III.2 for more details). The scoring for each CCR can be seen in Table 1.
Overall Findings. In view of the findings raised, non-compliances were covered in the areas of {List areas}. Details of the findings were listed in following sections. For other areas, no violation was noted. The factory management was {receptive, cooperative, argumentative, etc.) to the audit findings. Communicated Findings with: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: 1 Legal Requirements Customs / Transshipment Acceptable ¨ Needs Improvement ¨ Unacceptable ¨ Exceptions (include national/local law in text):
Overall Findings. Decentralization is resulting in greater accountability Common understanding exists between counties and central level on accomplishments and gaps Donor funded programs have demonstrated significant capacity improvement; others lagging (National Eye Care Program (NECP), mental health, non- communicable disease) Capacity has improved across the board, but uneven across the three counties and six building blocks; reflected in quantitative self-assessment scores Health outcome improvements have been achieved over life of RBHS project RBHS is credited for supporting improvements by central and county staff Sustainable capacity built in “mature” areas; “developing and new” activities require continued support
Overall Findings. This assessment has reinforced the understanding that strengthening capacity is an iterative process, and measurement of capacity gains is inherently imprecise. Similarly, the organizational learning process is not linear, nor at the same pace for all stakeholders. There are numerous factors that can promote or hinder the process at all levels. This assessment has found that sustainable capacity has been built in “mature” areas, yet many “new” activities require continued support to maintain momentum. General Findings Decentralization at the MOHSW over the RBHS project period has resulted in greater accountability at all levels. Throughout this process, both the CHSWTs and the MOHSW have demonstrated a common understanding of accomplishments and gaps in capacity building during this time. Capacity has improved across the board, but gains are uneven between the three counties and across the six building blocks, as reflected in the quantitative scores. Donor-funded programs have demonstrated significant capacity improvement, whereas other non-donor funded programs are lagging (e.g., National Eye Care Program, Mental Health, Non-communicable Disease). There have been many health outcome improvements achieved over the life of the RBHS project, and the Project is credited for supporting improvements by both central and county MOHSW staff. Sustainable capacity has been strengthened, especially for mature activities, including pre-service, Performance Based Financing (PBF), Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) and governance. However, concerns remain that the transition from RBHS to a future health systems strengthening project1 may result in the loss of momentum on newly-initiated activities. Results from the quantitative self-assessment at the central and county levels are shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5 below. Though it should be noted that though the self-assessment process allows staff the opportunity to reflect on the system and come to a mutual understanding of key accomplishments and remaining gaps, the resulting quantitative scores are inherently imprecise and are only reflective of group consensus on current capacity in each of the six WHO HSS Building Blocks areas being assessed. Nonetheless, quantitative self-scoring levels are largely validated through complementary qualitative findings gathered in both the 2012 baseline and during this endline assessment.
Overall Findings. Reserved professional titles overseen by a professional association provide an alternative means of regulating the profession. • The rationale for the use of reserved titles is broadly similar to that cited for the exclusive reservation of activities to professionals holding specific qualifications. • Those holding a reserved title tend on average to earn higher salaries than persons with other qualifications. • Since consumers commonly have a choice as to whether to use a professional with a reserved title or a non-titled professional or unqualified individual, this lowers entry barriers for wider market participants. • An activity-based approach to regulating service activities rather than individual professionals has provided an opportunity to facilitate market access, especially among professionals in specialised construction activities. • In several EU countries, regulatory reform has taken place in the crafts sector50 to reduce qualification-based market entry regulations. Two main types of reforms have taken place (i) the repeal of reserves of activities in relation to individual professions, in instances where these have become unregulated (Germany), and (ii) legislation resulting in a transition to regulating service activities, rather than individual professionals (France, Slovenia). • Although such reforms have helped to promote a more flexible approach in enabling professionals to access the market, there remains a requirement for a minimum of one person within a legal entity to be appropriately qualified before they can supervise the work of non-qualified persons. • Self-regulation was viewed as providing a viable alternative approach to regulating professions through legislation in some EU countries. The role of professional associations and trade bodies was found to be crucial in ensuring that self-regulation is effective, for example, in developing appropriate professional standards, codes of conduct and ethical standards. • Licensing schemes provide an alternative approach to reserving activities to a particular professional through a specific qualification requirement. Licensing appears to be appropriate for professions where the need to hold a specific qualification has been questioned, such as professions within the security and tourism industries respectively.
