Single imputation Sample Clauses

Single imputation. Imputation with a single value in place of a missing value is a basic approach to handling missing data.6,19 The critical element with this method involves the choice of a plausible value to account for the missing observation. Multiple methods for single imputation exists that include using the mean or median, parameter estimates from regression models, stochastic regression method, hot and cold deck procedures, and missing data indicator variable (M). Single imputation method involving the mean and median require replacement of all missing values with either the mean or median of the variable or parameter of interest. The mean and median are estimated from the observed data (Yobs), which is then inserted for all missing values. This has the potential of underestimating the variance and artificially improving the precision of the estimate. In addition, this will result in an increase in type I error (rejecting the null when the null hypothesis is true).6,19 Investigators may use regression analysis to determine a value for single imputation. Regression imputation provides values that may be considered reasonable because of multiple adjustments; however, it underestimates the variance. Similar to the mean and median imputation processes, regression imputation underestimates the variance, and artificially increases precision resulting in an increase in type I error. Moreover, regression imputation also assumes that the between- imputation variance is zero due to the existence of only one value. Stochastic modeling addresses this concern by incorporating residual error with the predicted estimate.6,19 Stochastic regression imputation adds variance to the predicted estimate by introducing uncertainty into the equation.6 However, this method is dependent on assumptions regarding the normality of the distribution. In addition, stochastic regression imputation fails to account for additional variance with other parameters; and thus, limits their utilization for single imputation. Similar to regression imputation, hot deck procedure replaces missing value with a single imputation that is reflective of a “similar” subject.6 For example, if a 64-year old white male was a diabetic, then another 64-year old white male with a missing value for diabetes status may also be a diabetic by virtue of similarity. This method assumes that patients are similar to some degree. Variation is underestimated and is limited to the ranges of the observed data. Ranges outside the obse...
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Related to Single imputation

  • Single Payments A single payment will be processed on the business day (generally Monday through Friday, except certain holidays) that you designate as the payment’s processing date, provided the payment is submitted prior to the daily cut-off time on that date. The daily cut-off time, which is controlled by the Bank, is currently 4:00 p.m.

  • Computation of Overtime In computing overtime a period of thirty (30) minutes or less shall be counted as one-half (½) hour and a period of more than thirty (30) minutes but less than sixty (60) minutes shall be counted as one (1) hour.

  • Overtime Pay Calculation Overtime shall not be claimed or received for less than fifteen (15) minutes. If overtime amounts to fifteen (15) minutes, or more, it shall be paid for the total period.

  • GMP Cost Limitation The Guaranteed Maximum Price shall not be in excess of the GMP Cost Limitation.

  • Allocation of Overtime Subject to the operational requirements of the service, the Employer shall make every reasonable effort:

  • COMPUTATION OF BACK WAGES No claim for back wages shall exceed the amount of wages the employee would otherwise have earned at the employee's regular rate less:

  • CERTIFICATION OF NONSEGREGATED FACILITIES (Applicable to construction contracts exceeding $10,000) The Contractor certifies that it does not maintain or provide for its establishments, and that it does not permit employees to perform their services at any location, under its control, where segregated facilities are maintained. It certifies further that it will not maintain or provide for employees any segregated facilities at any of its establishments, and it will not permit employees to perform their services at any location under its control where segregated facilities are maintained. The Contractor agrees that a breach of this certification is a violation of the equal opportunity clause of this contract. As used in this certification, the term “segregated facilities” means any waiting rooms, work areas, rest rooms and wash rooms, restaurants and other eating areas, time clocks, locker rooms, and other storage or dressing areas, parking lots, drinking fountains, recreation or entertainment areas, transportation and housing facilities provided for employees which are segregated by explicit directive or are, in fact, segregated on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin because of habit, local custom, or any other reason. The Contractor further agrees that (except where it has obtained for specific time periods) it will obtain identical certification from proposed subcontractors prior to the award of subcontracts exceeding $10,000 which are not exempt from the provisions of the equal opportunity clause; that it will retain such certifications in its files; and that it will forward the preceding notice to such proposed subcontractors (except where proposed subcontractors have submitted identical certifications for specific time periods).

  • Bilingual Differential Pay Bilingual Differential Pay applies to those positions designated by the Department of Personnel Administration as eligible to receive bilingual pay according to the following standards:

  • Calculation of Overtime If the overtime work has been carried out before as well as after the regular working hours during a certain day, the overtime periods shall be added together. Only full half hours are included in the calculation.

  • Certification Differential Nurses who obtain and maintain a nationally 17 recognized certification that is applicable to the services they provide for the 18 Employer shall receive $1.00 per hour. No additional differential is allotted for 19 more than one (1) certification. Proof of certification must be provided to the 20 Employer upon request. The approved certification list established by mutual 21 consent between the Association and the Director of Human Resources is as 22 follows:

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