VDM-RT Sample Clauses

VDM-RT. ‌ The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is a state-based formal method that was originally designed in the 1970s to give semantics to programming languages [26]. Models in VDM have a persistent state, described through a rich set of datatypes (sets, sequences, mappings, etc.). Functionality is described through operations that modify the state. The core specification language, called VDM-SL, has been standardized as ISO/IEC 13817-1 [24]. As part of the standardisation process, a full denotational semantics has been defined for VDM-SL (due to Xxxxxx et. al [27]), as well as a proof theory and comprehensive set of proof rules [3]. Models in VDM-SL can be structured into modules. Each module has its own state, which is global to the module, and functionality. Data and functionality can be exported and im- ported between modules. In the 1990s, a new dialect called VDM++ [11] was defined adding Figure 1: Relationship of VDM-RT concepts object-orientation and concurrency features. VDM++ retained all the core features of VDM- SL (datatypes, operations, pre- and post-conditions, invariants, etc.) but replaced the notion of modules with classes and objects. In the 2000s, another language extension was defined that included abstractions for modelling real-time embedded software [39]. This work led to the dialect used in INTO-CPS, VDM-RT (VDM Real Time). There are two industrial-strength tools for VDM, the commercial VDMTools1 and the open source Overture2. Overture is used in INTO-CPS and also forms part of the Crescendo baseline technology, which allows co-simulation between VDM-RT and 20-sim models [12]. All models in VDM-RT are built from classes, which are instantiated as objects. Variables can have a class as a datatype, or use the datatype system as defined in VDM-SL. Concurrency in VDM-RT is based on threads. Each class may define a thread, and once an object of that class is created, its thread can be started. A thread without a loop will terminate once its work is finished. There is a shorthand notation for defining a thread that will call an operation periodically. Threads communicate via shared objects. Synchronization on shared objects is specified using permission predicates. A permission predicate comprises an operation name and a predicate over the state of the object. If the predicate evaluates to false, calls to the operation are blocked until such time as the predicate evaluates to true. Permission predicates can also use history counters that yield ...
Sample 1
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