Common use of Assault Clause in Contracts

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The Principal, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following term. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operation. Therefore both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Local Teacher Bargaining Unit recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The Principal, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following term. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operation. Therefore both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal Principal, or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The Principal, or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal Principal, or designate, calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal Principal, or designate, makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers Unit and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operationcooperation. Therefore Therefore, both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, place the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacherteacher or colleague informs the Principal, or a colleaguedesignate, informs the Principal or designate who, who in turn, turn informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's ’s legal counsel be advised. 4. The Principal, or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal Principal, or designate, calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal Principal, or designate, makes a written account of the events, times times, and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty twelve (6012) calendar working days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty twelve (6012) calendar working days is required, the teacher's ’s accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operation. Therefore both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting teachers Teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Local Teacher Bargaining Unit recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, the following actions shall be taken: 1. ) The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. ) The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. ) The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. ) The Principal, or Teacher in Charge, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses if any. 5. ) Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. ) Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 Section 22 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following term. 7. ) Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal or Teacher in Charge calls the police to investigate. 8. 8) The Principal or Teacher in Charge makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. ) The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. ) Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual xxxxX) al understanding and co-operation. Therefore both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, ; the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The PrincipalPrincipal or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following term.is 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, ; the Principal or designate calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal or designate makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operationcooperation. Therefore Therefore, both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, ; the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, teacher or a colleague, colleague informs the Principal or designate who, who in turn, turn informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's ’s legal counsel be advised. 4. The PrincipalPrincipal or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 3.06 and 308 3.08 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, ; the Principal or designate calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal or designate makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operation. Therefore both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.twelve

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, ; the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The PrincipalPrincipal or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 3.06 and 308 3.08 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, ; the Principal or designate calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal or designate makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operationcooperation. Therefore Therefore, both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The PrincipalPrincipal or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 Section 22 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal or designate calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal or designate makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operationcooperation. Therefore Therefore, both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, ; the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, teacher or a colleague, colleague informs the Principal or designate who, who in turn, turn informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's ’s legal counsel be advised. 4. The PrincipalPrincipal or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 3.06 and 308 3.08 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, ; the Principal or designate calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal or designate makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty twelve (6012) calendar working days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty twelve (6012) calendar working days is required, the teacher's ’s accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operation. Therefore both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.

Assault. For a series of complex reasons, violence is being frequently resorted to in society. In the educational setting setting, teachers are sometimes the target of assault by students and others. A) The Board and the Unit Secondary Teachers recognize that every teacher has the right to security of person in the workplace. B) Under the Criminal Code of Canada, an assault occurs not just when someone intentionally applies force to another person without that person's consent, but also when a person attempts or threatens to apply force. C) Where the teacher believes that an assault has taken place, the following actions shall be taken: 1. The assailant is to be removed from the presence of the teacher as soon as possible. 2. The teacher is to receive immediate medical attention when warranted and medical verification of the injuries from a qualified medical practitioner (Physician). 3. The teacher, or a colleague, informs the Principal Principal, or designate who, in turn, informs the appropriate Supervisory Officer of the alleged assault, and requests that the Board's legal counsel be advised. 4. The Principal, or designate, with the possible assistance of the police, immediately establishes the details of the alleged assault and identifies witnesses witnesses, if any. 5. Where the alleged assailant is a student in the school, the Principal immediately reassigns the student out of the class of the assaulted teacher and, where appropriate and possible, considers the permanency of the reassignment. 6. Where the investigation establishes that an assault has taken place and that the assailant is a student in the school, the Principal shall ascertain whether the student should be suspended or expelled pursuant to Sections 306 and 308 of the Education Act, as amended from time to time. Where appropriate and possible, the student will not be assigned to the assaulted teacher's class for the following termsemester. 7. Where an investigation establishes that the assailant is a person other than a student in the school, the Principal Principal, or designate, calls the police to investigate. 8. The Principal Principal, or designate, makes a written account of the events, times and witnesses and furnishes the teacher with a copy of this account and any other reports pertaining to the assault. 9. The teacher, or if necessary, a colleague or the Principal, informs the OECTA Secondary Teachers staff representative and the Unit President of the assault. 10. Where necessary, the teacher receives time off from all duties to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days, without loss of pay, service credits, or sick leave credits. Where time off beyond sixty (60) calendar days is required, the teacher's accumulated sick leave credit will be used. D) The Teachers and the Board agree that a safe and secure educational environment is a shared responsibility, requiring mutual understanding and co-operationcooperation. Therefore Therefore, both parties agree that personal security of staff must be recognized in determining appropriate supervisory responsibilities.