Background and Need for Research Sample Clauses

Background and Need for Research. State DOTs may perform project-level air quality analyses under NEPA for CO, PM10, PM2.5, and/or MSATs. Which pollutants are analyzed depends upon a number of factors including: project scale, project location, project scope, issues identified under scoping, public and community concerns, nearby pollutant sources, etc. Some project-level analyses may only consider only one pollutant, while others address all of the above-mentioned pollutants. State DOTs have been performing CO project-level hot-spot analyses for several decades and have a good understanding of the technical and modeling aspects of this type of analysis. Due largely to substantial reductions in CO emissions from vehicles as a result of the Federal Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program, few transportation project air quality analyses predict that projects will result in exceedance of applicable CO ambient air quality standards. On the other hand, particulate matter and MSAT analyses at the project-level are relatively new and present a number of technical and modeling challenges not associated with CO. Newly developed models for MSATS and PM further add to the complexity of project-level air quality analyses. NEPA project-level air quality analyses provide an opportunity for greater flexibility in analytical approaches than do project-level transportation conformity requirements in nonattainment and maintenance areas. However, many state DOTs follow federal guidance, including EPA transportation conformity guidance, when analyzing potential project-level impacts under NEPA. The federal guidance includes: Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot- Spot Analyses in PM2.5 and PM10 Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas(Transportation and Climate Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-420-B-13-053 November 2013; Using MOVES in Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses(EPA-420-C-10-041, December 2010); Guideline for Modeling Carbon Monoxide from Roadway Intersections(U. S. EPA, EPA-454/R-92-005, November 1992); Interim Guidance Update on Mobile Source Air Toxic Analysis in NEPA (Federal Highway Administration, November 2013). These guidance documents are generally considered state-of-the-art, technically sound and complete. Nevertheless, under some conditions (e.g. a PM analysis in an attainment area) there may be an opportunity to streamline or simplify certain aspects of a project-level air quality analysis, rather than adhering str...
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