Impact on Children’s Health Sample Clauses

Impact on Children’s Health. The first UK national prevalence study of childhood maltreatment among 2,869 young people found that 26% of children had witnessed domestic violence by their parents (Xxxxxx, 2002). Recent estimates indicate that one in seven children and young people under the age of 18 will have lived with domestic violence at some point in their lifetime (Radford, Corral, Xxxxxxx, et al, 2011). Evidence suggests that children growing up in a domestically violent situation are 30-60% more likely to experience child abuse (Xxxxxxxx, 1999; Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, et xx, 2007; Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2002) and report higher rates of psychological disturbance (XxXxxxxxxx & XxXxxxxxx, 1993). Over the past decade, several literature reviews have sought to examine the health impacts of children’s exposure to domestic violence; defined as witnessing (i.e. seeing or hearing violent exchanges between parents) and experiencing (i.e. children that are directly abused) domestic violence (Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxxx, et al, 2003; Xxxxxxx, 2003; Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxx, et al, 2003; Xxxxx, XxXxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxxxxx, 2011). For example, Xxxxx et al (2003) conducted a meta-analysis of 41 studies and found that children exposed to domestic violence experience more behavioural and psychological problems than non-exposed children (Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxx, et al, 2003). Xxxxxxxx et al (2003) conducted a meta-analysis of 118 studies and found that children witnessing domestic violence experience an increased risk of psychological, emotional and behavioural problems compared to children not witnessing violence. Furthermore, they found comparable levels of psychological, emotional and behavioural disturbances among children witnessing domestic violence and physically abused children (Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxxx, et al, 2003). A more recent meta-analysis identified an association between childhood exposure to domestic violence and trauma symptoms in children (Xxxxx et al 2008). Prospective data from a USA representative sample of 821 parent-child dyads found that parents’ experience of domestic violence independently increased children’s risk of externalising behavioural problems (e.g. noncompliance, aggression, anti-social behaviour), after controlling for parental history of anti- social behaviour and family violence (Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2011). Evidence from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort of 13,617 children and mother dyads found that antenatal domestic violence predict...