Income inequality. Another association/relationship to be tested by this research is between income inequality in Kuwait and economic growth. It has been argued that inequality is unfair, yet unavoidable precondition for growth. This is on the basis that inequality is necessary for the accumulation of wealth and that it therefore contains the seeds for eventual increase in everyone’s income.153 The argument is on the basis that in ‘trickle down’ economic theories, societal acceptance of inequality allows the rich to accumulate wealth faster. Some of the accumulated wealth is then redistributed, making everybody better off. On this basis Xxxxxx investigated the impact between inequality and growth.154 His findings suggest that inequality is negatively and significantly associated with growth. That is to say, inequality discouraged growth. Similarly, Xx investigated the effect of income inequality on economic growth by trying to establish whether the transfer channel or human capital channel had the most 141- 154 Xxxxxx, X.X.X. (1995), ‘More evidence on income distribution and growth’. Journal of Development Economics, 47, 403-427. impact of economic growth. 155 Mo concluded that income inequality has a significant negative effect on the growth rate. In another study, Xxxxxxxxxx re-examined various dimensions of the growth-inequality debate in the specific context of countries undergoing transition from centrally planned to market systems.156 While at the beginning of the transition these countries shared many similar characteristics and, specifically, had low levels of income inequality, over time they diverged considerably. Hence, the transition economies provided a potentially rich environment for examining the relationship between income inequality and growth. He applied the various different specifications and estimation methods that had been employed in the literature on inequality and growth to arrive at very different conclusions, even with the same data sets. In contrast to the conflicting results obtained in the earlier studies, that had included at most only three transition economies, his empirical findings for transition countries indicated a strong, negative contemporaneous growth-inequality impact for all these specifications, estimation methods, and different inequality data sets in the short to medium run. Xxxxxx, on the other hand, challenges the belief that income inequality has a negative impact on economic growth.157 He used an improved data set on income ...
Income inequality. 3.2.1 The multiple between lowest paid employee and highest paid employee
Income inequality. The most obvious way to examine inequality is in its base form, the underlying disparity of wealth which perpetrates and promotes disparities in other areas of society. In China, income inequality is not only a baseline cause for broader social inequality, but it is one of the most unequal comparisons that can be drawn, and the line of income variation is defined starkly along urban/rural parameters. Because income inequality and personal wealth are generally considered to be a major determinant in the average quality of material life, education, and healthcare in most countries, it is essential that efforts to reign in inequality in these areas and throughout the broader social spectrum of Chinese disparity, be first and foremost focused on narrowing the general income gap. The income gap between china's rural poor and relatively better-off urbanites exploded during the 1980's and 1990's following economic reforms specifically targeted toward economic growth in coastal manufacturing and export regions. As noted by Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, et al., "It should come as no surprise that inequality rose as China moved from an ostensibly egalitarian socialist economy to a more market-oriented one. What is striking is how high inequality has become.14 The creation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) ensured that initial growth was localized and subsequent development zones have continued to ensure that the vast majority of higher economic activity revolves around coastal urban centers. The trend has continued in this direction, with attempts by the central government to
Income inequality definition and indicators
Income inequality. The Parties will work towards reducing the income gap, ensuring fair wages, and promoting economic opportunities for Black Georgians.
Income inequality. Gini Coefficient of Income Inequality Minority Experiences Volunteerism Region Volunteerism Overall Score Engagement Governance Voter Enrollment Political Party Enrollment
