Increase in Internet Usage Sample Clauses

Increase in Internet Usage. As well as terrorists using the Internet ubiquitously, a comparison of this sample to the research of Xxxx et al. (2017) demonstrates that there seems to be a sizable increase in 38 Valid percentage of the 55 attackers. online antecedent behaviours, potentially suggesting a greater reliance on the Internet. Below, I offer four potential explanations as to why the Internet appears more prominently in both network and event behaviours: The first and most intuitive explanation is that in recent years, Internet usage has increased. Xxxx and others’ studies include cases of terrorism that date back to 1995 through to 2015. In that time, global use of the Internet went from 0.4% to 46% (Internet World Stats 2019). It makes intuitive sense that as usage increases among all users, it too increases with terrorists. This point is highlighted by Xxxx and others, who observe that 54% of actors use the Internet to learn or plan their event, but when this is narrowed to the period 2012-2015, that number rises to 76%, suggesting that the early cases weigh the number down. In research on US-based extremists by Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, et al. (2018) find a steady increase in social media usage from 2005 (8%) to 2016 (87%). When considering an US-based sample from 2012-2018, (i.e. both this research and that of Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, and colleagues) it is instructive to note that total Internet usage has increased from around 52% in 2000 up to 89% in 2018 (Pew Research Center 2019) (Figure 14) – the same number as learned about or planned their attack online. This increase seems to represent an increase that is congruous with the findings of Xxxx and others. In short, the Internet has become ubiquitous and terrorists have merely followed this trend. Figure 14 - US Adults' Internet Usage (Pew Research) A second explanation is that, due to differences in criminal justice privacy norms between the US and the UK, the sources in this research are different to Xxxx and others. The former utilises criminal justice documents as well as news reports, while the latter uses mostly news reports because court documents are more difficult to come by without access to closed-source data in the UK (Xxxx et al. 2015). As explained in Chapter 4, these sources provide different types of data, with the criminal justice documents providing rich, granular data and often described the antecedent online behaviours – such as Google search history or the actor’s Twitter posting history – in great detail – these docum...
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Related to Increase in Internet Usage

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