Morbidity Sample Clauses

Morbidity. Almost all patients (99%) who used antibiotics reported health complaints, compared to 62% of the individuals who did not take antibiotics. The proportion of individuals with complaints who consumed antibiotics was 36% in group A, 23% in group B, and 16% in group C. Complaints indicating involvement of a specific organ system were reported by 954 individuals: respiratory tract symptoms (cough and/or flu and/or fever) 80%, gastro- intestinal symptoms (diarrhoea with or without fever) 13%, skin symptoms (itching/skin infections) 5%, and urinary tract symptoms 2%. One hundred and two individuals reported fever without other symptoms. The remainder (817 individuals) had symptoms not indicative of a specific localization of disease. Providers Of the 486 individuals who definitely took an antibiotic, 472 (97%) could indicate the provider: prescribed by doctors in public hospitals (12 %), healthcare centre (29%), private practice (36%), nurses and midwives (6%). Self-medication was reported in 17% of cases (8% obtained from a pharmacy without prescription, 5% from drugstores, 2% from friends and relatives, 1% from kiosks and 1% from other sources).
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Morbidity. This approach (referred to as Cost Of Illness, COI) is especially suitable for the assessment of medical treatment costs, including hospitalizations and productivity losses due to health outcomes. It consists in directly interviewing patients or in scrutinizing the health expenditure data of patients to compute a cost related to the disease. This approach is easy to implement but cannot account for intangible costs like the assessment of pain, grief and suffering as there are no market prices for these cost factors. Note that it relies on prices and tariffs generally fixed by Governments.
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Morbidity. The standard cost of illness approach is used for acute hospitalizations, and consists in applying a unit economic value approach to each case, including direct and indirect costs.
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Morbidity. Many studies have shown a decrease in the incidence of RDS in infants whose mothers received antenatal steroids. Crowley15, in his meta-analysis of random- ized trials from 1972-1994, found that antenatal corticosteroid therapy results in an overall reduction of approximately 50% in the odds of contracting neonatal RDS. Regarding these findings and the increased use of antenatal steroids, we expected to find a decrease in the incidence of RDS. The incidence of RDS however, was approximately the same in the 1980s (57%) and 1990s (60%).While the incidence of RDS remained the same, mortality from RDS significantly decreased. This suggests that the severity of RDS is reduced by antenatal treat- ment with corticosteroids. In the LFUPP-1996/97 cohort, we did indeed find a smaller percentage of infants with severe RDS within the group antenatally treated with a full course of corticosteroids than in the non-treated or incom- pletely treated infants. Besides this, survival of infants with severe RDS is now better because of treatment with surfactant. The increased survival of infants with RDS was associated with an increase in the percentage of infants with BPD. BPD was defined according to Xxxxxxx in the LFUPP-1996/97 and according to Bancalari in the POPS-1983. The per- centage of infants with BPD in the POPS-1983-cohort would probably have been even lower if the Shennan-definition was used since it is not likely that all infants who were oxygen dependent at 28 days post partum would still be at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Unfortunately, chart review of POPS-cases to verify this did not yield the necessary data. A shift towards less serious IVH was found. Although not significant, in the LFUPP-1996/97 cohort, IVH occurred less frequently in infants whose moth- ers were antenatally treated with a complete course of corticosteroids. A positive influence of antenatal corticosteroids on the incidence of IVH has been found in many studies. The previously mentioned meta-analysis by Xxxxxxx00 showed that corticosteroid therapy reduces the odds of periventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR]: 0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.94). Xxxxxxxxx et al.16 found an odds ratio of 0.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.57) for the association of a complete course of steroids with grades 3 and 4 IVH. Sepsis, defined as a positive blood culture, occurred more frequently in the LFUPP-1996/97 group. This could not be explained by a more frequent use of lines, 65 % (163 of 249) of the LFUPP...
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Morbidity. Young infants are particularly vulnerable to severe morbidity and mortality resulting from pertussis. In the U.S., approximately two-thirds of infants under 6 months of age with reported pertussis are hospitalized (69, 70). During recent pertussis epidemics in California, most of the hospitalizations were infants <6 months of age (9, 60, 71). The hospitalization rate among infants <6 months was 46% (9); length of hospital stay is longer for infants <6 months (9.3 days) compared with children 6 months or older (4.9 days, p<.001) and intensive care is more frequently required for infants <6 months (19% of those hospitalized) compared to children 6 months or older (5%, p<.01) (72). The most common pertussis-related complication experienced by young infants is secondary bacterial pneumonia. Among infants <3 months of age with pertussis, as many as 5.2% acquire secondary bacterial pneumonia, and among infants <6 months of age with pertussis, up to 11.8% acquire secondary bacterial pneumonia, more than double the incidence in older children and adults (1). In the U.S. between 1993 and 2004, 95% of pertussis-infected infants who required mechanical ventilation and all of those who died were aged 3 months or younger (13).
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Morbidity 
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Related to Morbidity

  • Outcomes Secondary: Career pathway students will: have career goals designated on SEOP, earn concurrent college credit while in high school, achieve a state competency certificate and while completing high school graduation requirements.

  • Underutilization Underutilization of Interconnection Trunks and facilities exists when provisioned capacity of trunks in service for more than six (6) months is greater than the current need. This over-provisioning is an inefficient deployment and use of network resources and results in unnecessary costs. Those situations where more capacity exists than actual usage will be handled in the following manner:

  • Study Population The study was based at the San Francisco KPNC Anal Cancer Screening Clinic. We enrolled men who were identified as positive for HIV through the Kaiser HIV registry, who were aged ≥ 18 years, who were not diag- nosed with anal cancer before enrollment, and who pro- vided informed consent. In total, 363 men were enrolled between August 2009 and June 2010. The study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards at KPNC and at the National Cancer Institute. All partici- pants were asked to complete a self-administered ques- tionnaire to collect risk factor information. Additional information regarding HIV status and medication, sexu- ally transmitted diseases, and histopathology results were abstracted from the KPNC clinical database. For 87 of the 271 subjects without biopsy-proven AIN2 or AIN3 at the time of enrollment, follow-up infor- mation concerning outcomes from additional clinic visits up to December 2011 was available and included in the analysis to correct for the possible imperfect sensitivity of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA).13,15 Clinical Examination, Evaluation, and Results During the clinical examination, 2 specimens were col- lected by inserting a wet flocked nylon swab16 into the anal canal up to the distal rectal vault and withdrawing with rotation and lateral pressure. Both specimens were trans- ferred to PreservCyt medium (Hologic, Bedford, Mass). A third specimen was collected for routine testing for Chla- mydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea. After specimen collection, participants underwent a digital anorectal ex- amination followed by HRA. All lesions that appeared sus- picious on HRA were biopsied and sent for routine histopathological review by KPNC pathologists, and were subsequently graded as condyloma or AIN1 through AIN3. No cancers were observed in this study population. From the first specimen, a ThinPrep slide (Hologic) was prepared for routine Xxxxxxxxxxxx staining and xxxxx- xxxxx. Two pathologists (T.D. and D.T.) reviewed the slides independently. Cytology results were reported anal- ogous to the Bethesda classification17 for cervical cytology except when otherwise noted. The following categories were used: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malig- xxxxx (NILM); ASC-US; atypical squamous cells cannot rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC-H); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); HSIL, favor AIN2 (HSIL-AIN2); and HSIL-AIN3. ASC-H, HSIL-AIN2, and HSIL-AIN3 were combined into a single high-grade cytology category for the current analysis. Biomarker Testing Using the residual specimen from the first collection, mtm Laboratories AG (Heidelberg, Germany) performed the p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual immunostaining (‘‘p16/Ki-67 staining’’) using their CINtec Plus cytology kit according to their specifications. A ThinPrep 2000 processor (Holo- gic) was used to prepare a slide, which then was stained according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The CINtec Plus cytology kit was then applied to the unstained cytol- ogy slide for p16/Ki-67 staining. On the second collected specimen, Roche Molecular Systems (Pleasanton, Calif) tested for HR-HPV, includ- ing separate detection of HPV-16, and HPV-18 DNA, using their cobas 4800 HPV test. To prepare DNA for the cobas test, automated sample extraction was per- formed as follows: 500 lL of the PreservCyt specimen was pipetted into a secondary tube (Falcon 5-mL polypropyl- ene round-bottom tube, which measured 12-mm-by-75- mm and was nonpyrogenic and sterile). The tube was capped, mixed by vortexing, uncapped, placed on the x-480 specimen rack, and loaded onto the x-480 sample extraction module of the cobas 4800 system. The x-480 extraction module then inputs 400 lL of this material into the specimen preparation process. The extracted DNA was then tested as previously described.16 NorChip AS (Klokkarstua, Norway) also tested the second specimen for HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, and -45 HPV E6/E7 mRNA using their PreTect HPV-Proofer assay according to their specifications. All testing was per- formed masked to the results of the other assays, clinical outcomes, and patient characteristics.

  • Immunization B11.01 The Employer shall provide the employee with immunization against communicable diseases where there is a risk of incurring such diseases in the performance of his duties.

  • Infectious Disease Where an employee produces documentary evidence that:

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