TEMPERATURE PROTECTION. The unit bid price for this item shall also be full compensation for the provision of all labour, materials, energy source, and equipment required to supply heat to maintain ambient temperatures (ie temperature surrounding the unit) within criteria as indicated in CAN/CSA A23.1 latest edition. This applies to pre-placement of concrete, placement, and curing time periods. Upon request from the Department, the Supplier shall develop and submit a Temperature Protection Plan to the Department. Items on the Temperature Protection Plan shall include but not limited to: minimum form temperature prior to concrete placement, heat supply source, type of enclosure and materials surrounding unit, temperature targets during placement and cure period, temperature monitoring system, duration of applied heat, and cool-down system and associated temperature targets.
TEMPERATURE PROTECTION. One major technical challenge for the hot side wireless sensors is the extremely high temper- atures in the surrounding environment. To keep the internal temperature of the PAT low for as long as possible, a thermal insulation need to be combined with the encapsulation of a material or fluid that will consume energy when heated inside the insulation. To find an upper bound on the feasible life-time of enclosed units a survey of commercially available insulating materials has been performed. Investigated materials include: • Carbon black [17], survives very high temperatures (3000◦ C), thermal conductivity compa- rable to or better to the best solid materials found that support temperatures of 1200 C or more. A loose granular material that would need to be enclosed in some form of ceramic shell (typically alumina). • Alumina fiber boards [18], useable up to about 1700◦ C, slightly higher thermal conductiv- ity than carbon black, but comes in the form of rigid boards rather than a loose granular material. • Moldable materials [19] that support up to 1260◦ C with a moderate increase in thermal conductivity exists. • Microporous materials [20] exhibit far superior insulating properties, but withstand only up to about 950◦ C. There is thus a clear trend that insulating materials that withstand higher temperature exhibit higher thermal conductivity at all temperatures. Some improvement could of course be achieved by combining materials, but as the thermal conductivity rises with temperature, thus requiring a significant fraction of the material before the temperature drops to the level that the next layer can support, the improvement is expected to be modest. Any insulating material will nevertheless transmit some energy. This energy is absorbed as temperature increase and/or phase change of the materials enclosed within the material. The following assumes that temperatures much higher than 100◦ C are not practical, especially as commercially available batteries appear to be limited to 125◦ C. Lower operating temperatures would extend the range of available batteries significantly. The most promising method of absorbing heat known to us at this point is the evaporation of water. This requires 2260 J/g. If one starts from ice (heat of fusion: 334 J/g) and the energy required for heating water 100◦ C, about 420 J/g, a total of about 3 kJ/g (or close to 3 KJ/cm3) can be absorbed. Using the evaporation of water is however not without problems: Filling the core with ...
TEMPERATURE PROTECTION. DISTRIBUTOR shall ensure that during the entire time the Products are under DISTRIBUTOR’s control, that the Products are stored at the temperature specified by UT and/or MiniMed, Inc. for such Product.
