Competitive Balance a. Rules concerning home-grown players The home-grown players’ rule obliges clubs that participate in the UEFA competitions to include in their squad a minimum number of players that were trained by the club itself or by another club from the same national association. Nationality and age of the players are irrelevant. The purpose of this rule is to address various problems which have become clear in European football over recent years, notably a reduction in the incentive to invest in youth development and also a reduction in competitive balance. The rule is also designed to address other problems such as player “hoarding” (rich clubs buying up top players and then not playing them), loss of local identity and a decline in performance of national teams. As this rule does not involve any nationality quota and explicitly promotes legitimate objectives such as education, training and competitive balance, the rule is considered to be compatible with European Community law. Relevant case: Xxxxxx case
Competitive Balance. (a) The parties acknowledge the intrinsic link between the level of TPP and the operation of the competitive balance mechanisms to be introduced to the industry on 1 November 2014.
Competitive Balance. Efficient competition will occur when all players, including out-of-state suppliers entering the Arizona market, are subject to the same rights and responsibilities, free from market-distorting special privileges, regulations or unequal burdens. APS will propose that any market entrant allowed into a previously exclusive territory of a regulated electric public service corporation pursuant to the legislation previously discussed regarding "Exclusive Service Rights" must itself be, or become, a public service corporation subject to appropriate Commission regulatory oversight and related obligations, including plant and line siting requirements (which should be administered directly by the Commission) and shared responsibility for maintaining service reliability. Such entrants could include out-of-state utilities, power marketers, independent power producers and other competitors. Public Power Entities The Arizona Constitution expressly excludes municipal corporations from the category of entities (public service corporations) which it subjects to regulation by the Commission. Due among other things to the uncertainties that any amendment of the Constitution would entail, the Company proposes to exclude municipal, tribal or other government-owned utilities from this restructuring proposal. Where such utilities have lawfully-conferred rights to serve all customers within a delineated territory, those rights would remain intact (i.e., would not be subject to being "phased" out as proposed above with respect to public service corporations); conversely, such utilities, by virtue of their not being public service corporations subject to Commission regulatory oversight and related obligations, would not be allowed competitive access to public service corporation territories in Arizona. However, it appears to APS that changes in law and relationships at the federal level, such as entitlements to preferential power from federal facilities or federal income tax advantages, could lead to a common interest in eliminating or reducing differences among utilities at the state level, thereby occasioning future reexamination of the difference proposed in this paragraph. Reciprocal Trade Opportunities Efficient competition and the public interest require that public service corporations be allowed the reciprocal opportunity to trade in each other's markets. The willingness of APS to open its service territory to competitors is contingent upon APS obtaining meaningful recipro...
