Synthesis. This process converts RTL to a netlist based on Seller’s ASIC components library. Synthesis is done by Seller since this is an RTL-Handoff.
Synthesis. 4-(4-(1-(acryloyloxy)ethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butanoic acid (AN) was prepared according to the procedure as reported.28,37 Briefly, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone was alkylated with ethyl 4-bromobutyate in DMF in the presence of K2CO3. Nitration was performed by treating with HNO3. The ketone was reduced with NaBH4 and followed by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester with 1M NaOH. Desired compound AN was obtained from the reaction with acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethyl amine. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.7 (3H, d, J = 6.4), 2.2 (2H, m), 2.6 (2H, t, J = 7.2), 3.9 (3H, s), 4.1 (2H, t, J = 6.4), 5.9 (1H, d, J = 1.2), 6.2 (1H, m), 6.4 (1H, d, J = 1.2), 6.5 (1H, q, J1 = 6.4, J2 = 6.4), 7.3 (1H, s), 7.6 (1H, s), 10.5 (1H, br); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 21.8, 23.8, 30.1, 56.1, 67.9, 68.4, 108.0, 108.8, 128.0, 131.3, 133.1, 139.5, 147.0, 153.9, 164.8, 178.8. Dex-AN was prepared by an esterification of the hydroxyl groups of dextran with AN using the procedure that we reported previously.4 0.5 g of AN was dissolved in 10 mL of DMSO, followed by the addition of DCC (0.5 g) and DPTS (0.07 g). To the mixture, dextran (0.7 g) solution in DMSO (10 mL) was added and stirred for 36 hours at room temperature. After filtration, the filtrate was put into a dialysis tube (MWCO 3500) and dialyzed against DMSO and water. After lyophilization, 0.4 g of the product was recovered. Dithiol functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) was prepared by following previously reported procedures.5,54 Macroscale hydrogel formation. Macroscale hydrogels were obtained by mixing solutions of Dex-AN and DSPEG. Typical procedure was following: 150 µL Dex-AN (20 mg) and 50 µL DSPEG (12 mg) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions were mixed by vortexing (the ratio of acrylates to thiols was 1:1), and the resulted solution was incubated at 37 °C under dark. The gelation time was determined to be 60 min by the vial tilting method. (When there was no flow of the sample within 5 seconds, it was regarded as a gel.54) Sample for visco-elastic measurements was prepared by mixing two solutions of Dex-AN (30 mg in 150 µ L PBS) and DSPEG (18 mg in 150 µ L PBS). To probe viscoelastic properties of the gel, a small sample of the hydrogel was analyzed using TA Instruments AR-G2 rheometer with plate-plate geometry (plate of 40 mm in diameter and a 220 microns gap distance). Prior to the measurements, the strain-sweep tests were perform...
Synthesis. This is a new factor which recognizes the findings from technical articles and reports need to be summarized and communicated to be used effectively by resource managers.
Synthesis. In addition to DNA and proteins, synthetic polymers are also suitable for data storage, at least in principle. As early as 1986, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx suggested that, at least in theory, any polymer composed of at least two different monomers could be used to store data97. Although the controlled synthesis of polymers with more than two monomers is possible — and although such polymers would potentially provide a more economical solution for data storage — most dataencoding polymers employ only two different monomers (directly represent ing 0 and 1 in the binary code). The main advantages of synthetic polymers are the possibility of having full con trol over their synthesis and the greater flexibility, mean ing that one is no longer restricted to four monomers, as in the case of DNA. Instead, the monomers can be selected and tuned for the purpose of the application. In such synthetic dataencoding copolymers, it is essential to achieve perfect control over the monomer sequence. For example, DNA can be used as a template for the assembly of free nucleotides (including nonnatural ones) before chemical or enzymatic polymerization98–103. The drawbacks of this approach are the low efficiency and difficulty of removing the synthesized polymer from the template. Recently, molecular machines that mimic biological polymerization have been developed, such as the peptide synthesis machine designed by Xxxxx and coworkers104. The machine is a rotaxane system in which the macrocycle sequentially picks up amino acids from the thread to assemble a peptide of known sequence. The current rates and yields of these reactions make practical applications difficult — and thus far, these sys tems are limited to the synthesis of natural polymers, that is, polypeptides104. To work around biological polymeri zation techniques, Xxx and coworkers designed a DNA translation system to synthesize sequencecontrolled pol ymers not based on natural monomers105. The polymeri zation in this case depends on the hybridization of DNA base pairs to a template. Synthetic building blocks are attached to these DNA base pairs via a cleavable linker. In this system, the DNA base pairs perform a very similar function to tRNA, that is, they serve to bring together the desired building blocks in the correct order. After poly merization, cleavage of the linker results in the release of the synthetic polymer105. Complete chemical polymerization has the advan tage of a much wider range of available ...
Synthesis. In order to attain this competency, students should be able to:
Synthesis. Limited capacity of resource managers and stakeholders in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to review and extract relevant information of from technical articles and reports that can be used for implications for Policy and Prevention.
Synthesis correlation of the Northwest and Central European Middle Pleistocene terrestrial succes- sion with the Marine Isotope Stratigraphy Chapter 6 provides a synthesis that reviews the possibilities for refinement of the low resolution Middle Pleistocene terrestrial event stratigraphy, which are sought in comparison and matching with the deep-ocean record. Although the global records are only a general guide to local climatic environment and thus a relatively poor basis for correlation, only the trends, not the amplitudes, in the oceanic isotope record are used for correlation. This trend matching is undertaken at two scales, both spatial and temporal:
Synthesis. ● Develop a strategic map for the organization’s strategic plan; ● Implement a performance-based aligned ICT strategy, and understand regulatory requirements for effective ICT governance; ● Develop measurable indicators of governance at both the local government and central government levels; ● Design and conduct service delivery surveys; ● Designing, developing and improving governmental systems and implementing e-Government components on every state level; ● Design software systems and define architectures in open and distributed environments in a holistic and integrative manner (Synthesis); ● Lead change in government departments and manage implications; Evaluation ● Evaluate existing strategies; ● Monitor policy outcomes and assess the impact of these outcomes; ● Assess competitiveness using a critical review of easily available indicators (and why standard competitiveness reports are not useful); ● Address the processes, structures, and evaluation methods necessary to implement the digital transformation of an organization.
Synthesis. The Regional Model Forest Network for Latin America (LAC-Net), is a network of 16 landscapes aspiring to base their intervention on participatory governance bodies. In addition to these, about 5 more landscapes in the region have expressed their interest in joining the network. Model Forests are designated by country members to demonstrate appropriate, sustainable and equitable forest management in different biomes and ecoregions across the region. A small management team serves as facilitator the network. In early 2005 a change in host institution for the management team took place. With this change there was also a dramatic decrease of funding flow to model forests. The management unit of the network (from now on “LAC-Net”) evolved from a donor that supported MFs launching, to a facilitator that encourages MFs direct contact with donors. LAC-Net’s first task was to re-build trust with MF’s, as the change of host institution was perceived as confusing. The Global Forum in 2005 provided the opportunity to get to know each other, and to start building the Network’s own identity. Based on the aspirations of MFs, LAC-Net’s management team facilitated a strategy that lead to to the design of the mission and vision, strategic lines of work and a framework of principles and criteria. All the above in a participatory manner. This strategy was a necessary first step to approaching external potential partners, including donors. Naturally, IMFNS received with caution the results of this strategy, as it aspires to maintain a consistent message worldwide. Dialogue with the IMFNS, and responding to the desire of LAC-Nets MFs and Board of Directors, has been a balancing act leveraged by the communication with external partners and facilitated by funding from this grant. This balance have proven that, if there is a region were the MFs concept is grounded and owned, is in Latin-America and the Caribbean. The funds from this grant were pivotal in providing tangible instruments that enable that dialogue across the network and with international partners such as the IMFNS and beyond. Creating our identity The Global Forum, in which LAC-Net hosted MFs from all over the world, took place in November of 2005 (photo top right). With funding from the IMFNS, LAC-Net hosted its first regional workshop with three participants per LAC-Net`s MF (photos top left and right). During this workshop we agreed on the vision and mission for the network. We also uncovered important gaps amongs...
Synthesis. While synthesis is a lifetime process, by the end of undergraduate study students must be able to work on musical problems by combining, as appropriate to the issue, their capabilities in performance; aural, verbal, and visual analysis; composition/improvisation; and history and repertory. Many bachelor-degree granting institutions in Pennsylvania’s college credit transfer system have NASM accredited programs. Therefore, the following Agreement has been designed to provide students with the foundation-level knowledge in the field of study while also respecting the accreditation standards of the bachelor degree programs offered at many of the colleges and universities where the students will transfer. Unlike most other disciplines music competencies are all a constant accumulation of knowledge and skill and oftentimes cannot be slotted into a distinct three credit course components; therefore the following competencies are an overview of what one would expect in music. The four year institutions, in their audition process, will evaluate and grant appropriate classes to reach the 30 credit Major-Specific demonstrated by the student.
