Output 1. ImProve tHe quaLIty of teaCHIng and LearnIng A number of international testing programmes, such as TIMSS, PIRLS and SACMEQ, have demonstrated that South Africa’s learner performance in reading, writing and mathematics is well below what it should be. For instance, the 2006 application of PIRLS showed that South African Grade 5 learners perform considerably worse in reading than Grade 4 learners in Indonesia and Trinidad and Tobago. The national Systemic Evaluation programme and the Grade 12 examinations have also demonstrated that learner performance is well below what one would expect given the resources available to the schooling system. Clearly, there is a need for teaching and learning to improve. If this happens, not only will learners know more at the end of each school year, they are also more likely to remain in school for longer.
Output 1. Sub-output 2: Increase Access To High Quality Learning Materials What will need to be done differently? Various analyses and reviews indicate that learner support materials such as textbooks, workbooks, exercise books and stationery have been under-prioritised in schools. The situation has improved somewhat, especially following large budget increases in non-personnel areas after 2002. In the period 2004 to 2009 household complaints about lack of books in schools, according to Statistics South Africa, declined noticeably. However, in around a third of primary schools the learner to textbook ratio in selected learning areas is greater than 1, which generally means that learners are unable to take textbooks home, something that can severely impede learning. Statistics for secondary schools are not available. Evaluations of existing textbooks that can guide provinces and schools when it comes to choosing appropriate titles are generally deemed to be inadequate, meaning that the risk is increased that poor quality materials enter schools, or that schools simply choose materials that are not appropriate for their needs. A couple of immediate interventions are envisaged. Firstly, nationally standardised workbooks of a high quality are to be introduced in all public schools for all learners in Grades R to 9. These workbooks represent a cost-effective means of ensuring that minimum standards with respect to depth of learning and scope of subject content are communicated to teachers and learners and are upheld. The intention is not that the workbooks should constitute the only learning materials. Teaching and learning should occur beyond the scope of the workbooks. Yet evidence suggests that if the many schools currently falling below minimum standards can be brought up to the minimum standards implied by the workbooks, then substantial progress will have been made. 3 Integrated Quality Management System. Secondly, clearer guidelines on which currently available textbooks are suitable in particular contexts will be released soon by the national department in an attempt to improve the provincial and school selection processes.
Output 1. Increasing Life Expectancy • Output 2: Decreasing Maternal and Child mortality • Output 3: Combating HIV and AIDS and decreasing the burden of disease Tuberculosis • Output 4: Strengthening Health System Effectiveness Linked to these outputs are clearly articulated indicators and targets. Major targets include the following: • Life expectancy must increase from the current 53.9 years for males and 57.2 years for females (Statistics SA 2009) to 58 years for males and 60 years for females by 2014. • South Africa’s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) must decrease to 100 (or less) per 100,000 live births by 2014. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) country report estimates MMR at 625 per 100,000. • The child mortality rate must decrease to 20 deaths (or less) per 1,000 live births by 2014. The MDG country report estimates child mortality rates at 104 per 100,000. • The TB cure rate must improve from 64% in 2007 to 85% by 2014 • 80% of eligible people living with HIV and AIDS must access antiretroviral treatment. • New HIV infections must be reduced by 50% by 2014. from Re-engineering the health system to one that is based on a primary healthcare (PHC) approach, with more emphasis on promotive and preventive healthcare will underlie all interventions needed to achieve the outputs. Tangible improvements in the effectiveness of the health system must be attained and corroborated by empirical evidence that clearly links to the four output areas. In terms of strengthening the health system’s effectiveness with regards to key health indicators and overall contribution to population welfare, the Department of Health has identified the need to overhaul key components within the spheres of financing, pooling of resources, purchasing and provision of health services. This will be done through the implementation of the National Health Insurance - a mechanism that will allow us to better harness the human, financial and technical resources within the public and private sectors and use these enhanced resources to improve the impact with which they contribute towards the achievement of the above stated 4 output areas.
Examples of Output 1 in a sentence
As indicated in the foregoing sections, the four outputs that the health sector will be tracking are: ▪ Output 1: Increasing Life Expectancy ▪ Output 2: Decreasing Maternal and Child mortality ▪ Output 3: Combating HIV and AIDS and decreasing the burden of disease from Tuberculosis ▪ Output 4: Strengthening Health System Effectiveness The District Health Information System (DHIS) is the routine health information system of the public health sector, which provides facility-based service delivery data.
More Definitions of Output 1
Output 1. By 2015 an increased capacity for advocacy and community engagement in the reproductive health and rights of women and adolescents girls and the elimination of harmful practices affecting maternal health.
Output 1. Improved conflict management mechanisms: Broader societal participation in and oversight of conflict management mechanisms at federal, state and local level. Output 2: Mitigating drivers of conflict: Reduced grievances in target areas around economic opportunities and distribution of resources. Output 3: Increasing participation of, and reducing violence against, women and girls: Increased and more influential participation by women and girls in institutions and initiatives relevant to peacebuilding, with reduced prevalence and impact of violence against women and girls. Output 4: Improved conflict prevention policy and practice: Research, advocacy and media have an increasingly positive influence on policy and practice relevant to stability and reconciliation in Nigeria.
Output 1. Improved environment for investments in urban infrastructure3 including by the private sector investments.
Output 1. Increasing Life Expectancy • Output 2: Decreasing Maternal and Child mortality • Output 3: Combating HIV and AIDS and decreasing the burden of disease from Tuberculosis • Output 4: Strengthening Health System Effectiveness Linked to these outputs are indicators and targets. Major targets include the following: • Life expectancy must increase from the current 54.0 years for males and 59.0 years for females (2009 baseline) to 56.0 years for males and 61.0 years for females by 2014. • South Africa’s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) must decrease from the estimated 310 per 100,000 live births to 270 (or less) per 100, 000 live births by 2014. • The Child Mortality Rate must decrease from the current 56 per 1,000 live births to 40 deaths (or less) per 1,000 live births by 2014. • The Infant Mortality Rate must decrease from 40 per 1,00 live birth to 36 per 1000 live birth. • The TB cure rate must improve from 71.1 % in 2009 to 85% by 2014 • 80% of eligible pregnant women must be initiated on ART at a CD4 count of <350 antiretroviral treatment. Re-engineering the health system to one that is based on a primary healthcare (PHC) approach, with more emphasis on promotive and preventive healthcare will underlie all interventions needed to achieve the outputs. Tangible improvements in the effectiveness of the health system must be attained and corroborated by empirical evidence that clearly links to the four output areas.
Output 1. Sub‐output 2: More autonomy to 6 metro’s and top 21 municipalities in respect of infrastructure and housing delivery 19
Output 1. Sub‐output 3: A Focused Intervention for Clearly Defined, Smaller Municipalities ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Output 2: IMPROVED ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES ................................................................. 25 4.2.1 Output 2: Sub‐output 1: Increased Access to Basic Services 25 4.2.2 Output 2: Sub‐output 2: Bulk Infrastructure Fund established 28
Output 1. Urban infrastructure in 8 municipalities constructed or rehabilitated with climate-resilient and sustainable designs