Cross-Scale Spatial Indicators. Bourdic et al. (2012) present a list of quantitative indicators for "urban sustainability" with a focus on urban morphology and spatial form. The authors lament the "lack of robustness" found in existing urban assessment tools, and the mixing and aggregation of qualitative and quantitative parameters (Bourdic et al., 2012, p. 593). While climate change is not explicitly considered, the plethora of indicators, classified under nine cross-scale themes (land-use, mobility, etc.), may provide interesting starting points for the development of city-based climate change indicator sets. This indicator system is different from those discussed in previous sections as it specifically deals with spatial indicators and thus forms a good basis for design and management of resilient urban morphology. The authors develop quantitative indicators of intensity, spatial distribution, proximity, connectivity, diversity, and form, which are presented as a sort of menu from which planners could presumably choose the indicators that are useful under the circumstances. The indicator system is shown in its entirety in the Appendix (§10.10). Below the most relevant indicators for resilient architecture and infrastructure in the RAMSES project are shown and discussed. Land use and urban form are linked through two main types of indicators at district (D) and neighbourhood (N) scales: Intensity – covering various kinds of density: human density, building density, housing density, job density, density of legal entities, coefficient of land occupancy and subdivision intensity Diversity – covering diversity of subdivisions size, diversity of land use (road network, built environment, courtyards, green spaces), and diversity of subdivision use (housing, offices, shops, public facilities etc.) Theme Concept Type Name Scale Equation Land Use Urban form Intensity Human density D/N population area of the selection (m2 ) Building density D/N floor area (m2 ) area of the selection (m2 ) Housing density D/N number of housing units area of the selection (m2 ) Density of legal entities D/N number of legal entities area of the selection (m2 ) Job density D/N number of jobs area of the selection (m2 ) Coefficient of land occupancy D/N land occupancy (m2 ) area of the selection (m2 ) Subdivision intensity D/N number of parcels area of the selection (m 2 ) Diversity Diversity of subdivisions size D/N 2 1 Cat S S m 1 tot i i Cat i 1 A Diversity of land use (road network, built environment, courtyards,...
