Equitable estoppel. Plaintiff also contends that his situation meets the requirements to equitably estop the government from denying the existence of a contract between himself and the IRS.

Equitable estoppel. A nonsignatory to an arbitration agreement may compel a signatory plaintiff to arbitrate “when the causes of action against the nonsignatory are intimately founded in and intertwined with the underlying contract

Equitable estoppel. D. Defendants deny and dispute Plaintiffs' allegations and claims and also deny liability and damages. E. To avoid the risk and expense of further litigation, the Parties desire to settle their differences and, without admitting any liability whatsoever, enter into this Agreement.

Equitable estoppel. More broad than promissory and can include conduct and representations, whereas promissory requires promise that induces detrimental reliance BUT, CT here is relying on RST that is really talking about promissory (pg. 227) HYPO: Appeal for D Reliance – Wasn’t a full promise made before P made arrangements? Maybe S.O.F. is statutory law that we shouldn’t usurp! (Squib Xxxxx v. Infinity) Use specially manufactured clause of 2-201 on pg. 231 – Move to Hawaii does not necessarily imply a non-terminable contract. Problem 2-12 (pg. 234) Express contract? No Contract implied in fact? No. They were neighbors. Xxxx protests and asks for no payment (Xxxxxxxxxxx). But, she does later accept payment of $250.

Equitable estoppel. Equitable estoppel is a theory which relies on the notion of equity and good faith.161 It is used to bar the resisting signatory or non-signatory from denying the applicability of the arbitration clause.162 Equitable estoppel is a theory most commonly used in common law jurisdictions. It is not unheard of in civil law countries either, although a different concept may be used instead, such as good faith or abuse of right.163 As stated above, equitable estoppel may sometimes be used as a parallel reasoning with the third party beneficiary doctrine. However, equitable estoppel is based on equity (as may be inferred from its name), and instead of finding consent it may “force” the non-signatory to arbitration or let the non-signatory invoke the arbitration clause regardless of the signatory’s objection. Equitable estoppel rests upon the concept that a party should not be able to act inconsistently with its previous actions or statements and this way avoid liability. Therefore, under the “direct benefits” estoppel theory, a party claiming or exercising rights directly derived from the provisions of a contract is also bound by the arbitration clause 158 See Hanotiau 2006, p. 15. 159 See ibid. p. 1180. 160 In addition to these two doctrines, it is advisable to bear in mind that several of these doctrines, especially ones that employ consent as their foundation, may be invoked or taken into account in assessing individual cases. For example, constructions based on implied consent and third party beneficiary doctrines may sometimes overlap. 161 See Xxx 2003, p. 139. 162 See Newman-Hill 2008, p. 567. 163 See Born 2009, p. 1194; see also Hanotiau 2006, p. 20. therein.164 Simply put, a person should not be able to pick the cherry (the benefit granted in the underlying agreement) from the top of the cake and leave the rest (the arbitration clause) untouched. As stated in Int'l Paper Co., “a party may be estopped from asserting that the lack of his signature on a written contract precludes enforcement of the contract's arbitration clause when he has consistently maintained that other provisions of the same contract should be enforced to benefit him”.165 There has been discussion on the use of equitable estoppel as a “sword” or “shield”.166 This discussion relates to whether the doctrine should only be available for use as a defense (shield) for non-signatories who want to invoke an arbitration clause. The opposite use as a sword would let signatory parties to invoke eq...

Equitable estoppel. General Overview Doctrine of Equitable Estoppel was developed in response to the injustice that could follow from a person reneging on a promise that s/he has made. Where equitable estoppel applies a person will be prevented or ‘estopped’ from going back on his/her word. It’s important to emphasis the need for UNCONSCIONABILITY before equitable estoppel will apply: it is NOT available as a back-up submission in every case where the parties have failed to establish a binding contract.127 Common Law Estoppel Common law estoppel by conduct prevents a person from unjustly departing from an assumption or representation of past or existing fact that the other party has adopted or relied upon and which, unless the assumption or representation is adhered to, will cause that other party to suffer detriment.128 Classified as a rule of evidence that prevents a person denying what s/he has represented and instead trying to prove the facts. A rule of evidence because it may help from the factual foundation for an action ---but is NOT a cause of action itself. If the contract confers a cause of action on the party raising the estoppel, the cause of action may be enforced. Compels the party bound to adhere to the assumption that a contract exists.129 Only operates in relation to representation of past or existing fact, common law estoppel does NOT compel adherence to representation s of intention or promises. Development of the Doctrine of Equitable Estoppel: High Trees and Promissory Estoppel ‘Where on party has, by his words or conduct, made to the other a promise or assurance which was intended to affect the legal relations between them and to be acted upon accordingly, then, once the other party has taken him at his word and acted on it, the one who gave the promise or assurance cannot afterwards be allowed to revert to the previous legal relations as if no such promise or assurance had been made by him, but he must accept their legal relations subject to the qualification which he himself has so introduced, even though it is not supported in point of law by any consideration but only by his word.’130 Xxxxxxx restricted promissory estoppel to the limited sense of not allowing the promisor to act inconsistently with the promise. Promissory estoppel was a ‘shield and not a sword’. Recognition of Equitable Estoppel Promissory estoppel was but one instance where an equity was created by estoppel.131 ‘ the principle that equity will come to the relief of a plaintiff who h...

Related to Equitable estoppel

No Estoppel No course of action or failure to act by the Owner or any of its officers, members, employees, agents or other representatives shall serve to modify this Contract, waive rights under it or arising from its breach, or to stop the Owner from enforcing its terms.
Tenant Estoppels (a) Each Seller shall prepare and deliver to each Tenant at such Seller’s Property an estoppel certificate in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto (the “Tenant Estoppel”) and request each such Tenant to execute and deliver the Tenant Estoppel to such Seller. Each Seller shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the prompt return of the executed Tenant Estoppels in substantially the same form as Exhibit A attached hereto from each Tenant at such Seller’s Property prior to the Closing, without the obligation to make any payments or grant any concessions under the Leases. If a Tenant returns an executed Tenant Estoppel (or Lease Required Estoppel or Statement of Lease as defined below) to such Seller, such Seller shall promptly deliver to the Buyer, or make available on Seller’s transaction website, a copy of such executed Tenant Estoppel (or Lease Required Estoppel or Statement of Lease, if applicable) following such Seller’s receipt of such Tenant Estoppel (or Lease Required Estoppel or Statement of Lease, if applicable). (b) In the event that the Closing hereunder shall occur simultaneously with the Initial Closing, it shall be a condition to the Buyer’s obligation to close the sale and purchase of the Transferred Assets that, on or before the Initial Closing Date, the Sellers deliver to the Buyer from Tenants (other than the GSA and the Tenants of the properties associated with the LLC Interests and the Partnership Interests (as each such term is defined in the Master PSA), unless the applicable joint venture partner elects to sell all of its interest in the applicable joint venture entity and separate agreements for the sale of such properties to the Buyer are entered into as contemplated in Section 3.9(a)(y) and Section 3.9(b)(y), respectively, of the Master PSA) whose Leases comprise at least seventy-five percent (75%) of remaining base rental income over the lease term as of the date of this Agreement as determined in accordance with the schedule delivered by the Sellers to the Buyer prior to the date hereof, signed tenant estoppel certificates that are substantially in the form of either (1) the Tenant Estoppel or (1) except with respect to ROFO Documents and ROFR Documents (for which Tenant Estoppels, and not Lease Required Estoppels, shall be required), with respect to those Leases that contain a required form of specific estoppel that is attached as an exhibit to such Lease, the form of estoppel attached to such Lease (each, a “Lease Required Estoppel”); provided, however, that Buyer may, in its sole discretion, in order to accommodate Serial Closings pursuant to the Master PSA, waive the requirement set forth in this Section 3.4(b), which shall also constitute a waiver of such corresponding requirement in each Other PSA (and in such event, Seller shall be under no obligation to provide a Sellers’ Estoppel Certificate). For purposes of this Section 3.4(b) only, the terms “Tenants” and “Leases” shall refer to the Tenants and the Leases in respect of the Properties to be purchased and sold pursuant to this Agreement and the “Tenants” and “Leases” (as each such term is defined in each of the Other PSAs) in respect of the “Properties” (as such term is defined in each of the Other PSAs) to be purchased and sold pursuant to each Other PSA, collectively. No Tenant Estoppel or Lease Required Estoppel shall be dated earlier than forty-five (45) days prior to the Initial Closing Date and no such estoppel shall allege any material defaults by the Sellers (except to the extent any such default has been disclosed in writing by the Sellers to the Buyer as of the date of this Agreement) or accrued and outstanding offsets or defenses under the relevant Lease or contain any materially adverse deviations between (A) the information specified in said Tenant Estoppel or Lease Required Estoppel, as applicable, and (B) (x) the representations and warranties of the Sellers set forth in this Agreement or (y) the Leases to which such Tenant Estoppel or Lease Required Estoppel, as applicable, relate. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3.4, Sellers shall also use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a Statement of Lease from the GSA with respect to each Lease to which the GSA is a party. The Buyer shall cooperate with the Sellers to obtain (i) any novation of the applicable Lease with the GSA that may be required by the GSA in order to assign the applicable Lease to the Buyer or its applicable Designated Subsidiary and (ii) any Statement of Lease. In the event the GSA requires any Seller to remain liable under the applicable Lease with the GSA after the Closing Date, the Buyer hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each such Seller against any Losses (as defined below) arising out of such Lease after the Closing Date except to the extent such Losses are the result of any action taken by any such Seller or its Affiliates with respect to such Leases with the GSA.
Estoppel 8.1 The Lessee shall, within fourteen (14) days of receipt of a request by the Lessor, pursuant to paragraph 12.1, certify, to the extent the Lessee believes the information to be true and deliver to the Lessor an executed estoppel certificate (Enclosure "D"). The Lessee's failure to deliver such statement shall be conclusive upon the Lessee that: a) This Lease is in full force and effect without modification except as may be represented by the Lessor, b) There are no uncured defaults in the Lessor's performance, c) Not more than one (1) month's rent has been paid in advance.
Tenant Estoppel Certificate Please refer to the documents described in Schedule 1 hereto, (the “Lease Documents”) including the “Lease” therein described; all defined terms in this Certificate shall have the same meanings as set forth in the Lease unless otherwise expressly set forth herein. The undersigned Tenant hereby certifies that it is the tenant under the Lease. Tenant hereby further acknowledges that it has been advised that the Lease may be collaterally assigned in connection with a proposed financing secured by the Property and/or may be assigned in connection with a sale of the Property and certifies both to Landlord and to any and all prospective mortgagees and purchasers of the Property, including any trustee on behalf of any holders of notes or other similar instruments, any holders from time to time of such notes or other instruments, and their respective successors and assigns (the “Beneficiaries”) that as of the date hereof:
Estoppels (i) Sellers shall have received from tenants (which tenants shall include the tenants leasing space pursuant to the Commercial Leases listed on Schedule 8.2(f)(i) of the Seller Disclosure Letter) leasing at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the aggregate square footage leased pursuant to all Commercial Leases, a certificate (an "Estoppel"), addressed to the Company and its lender (as defined in the Estoppel attached as Exhibit D hereto), dated not more than sixty (60) days prior to the Closing Date, in either (A) the form of Estoppel attached as Exhibit D hereto or (B) the form of Estoppel returned by the tenant whose Estoppel is being sought pursuant to this Section 8.2(f)(i) provided such form of Estoppel is substantially comparable to the form of Estoppel attached as Exhibit D hereto. The Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that, in lieu of any one or more of such Estoppels, MPLP may deliver a landlord Estoppel provided that (A) such form of landlord Estoppel is in the form of Estoppel attached as Exhibit D hereto, (B) the landlord Estoppels delivered by MPLP pursuant to this Section 8.2(f)(i) shall not be given in respect of more than ten percent (10%) of the aggregate square footage leased pursuant to all Commercial Leases and (C) such landlord Estoppels delivered by MPLP shall not be delivered in respect of the Commercial Leases listed on Schedule 8.2(f)(i) of the Seller Disclosure Letter. (ii) Sellers shall have received an Estoppel from each lessor under a Ground Lease, addressed to the Company and its lender (as defined in the Estoppel attached as Exhibit E hereto), dated not more than sixty (60) days prior to the Closing Date in either (A) the form of Estoppel attached as Exhibit E hereto or (B) the form of Estoppel returned by the lessor whose Estoppel is being sought pursuant to this Section 8.2(f)(ii) provided such form of Estoppel is substantially comparable to the form of Estoppel attached as Exhibit E hereto.
Waiver and Estoppel (a) Navistar Financial agrees, to the extent it may lawfully do so, that it will not at any time in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of any appraisement, valuation, stay, extension, moratorium, turnover or redemption law, or any law permitting it to direct the order in which the Collateral shall be sold, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may delay, prevent or otherwise affect the performance or enforcement of this Agreement and hereby waives all benefit or advantage of all such laws and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power granted to the Trustee in this Agreement but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law were in force; provided that this subsection (a) shall not be construed as a waiver of any rights of Navistar Financial under any applicable federal bankruptcy law. (b) Navistar Financial, to the extent it may lawfully do so, on behalf of itself and all who may claim through or under it, including, without limitation, any and all subsequent creditors, vendees, assignees and lienors, waives and releases all rights to demand or to have any marshalling of the Collateral upon any sale, whether made under any power of sale herein granted or pursuant to judicial proceedings or upon any foreclosure or any enforcement of this Agreement and consents and agrees that all the Collateral may at any such sale be offered and sold as an entirety. (c) Navistar Financial waives presentment, demand, protest and any notice of any kind (except notices explicitly required hereunder) in connection with this Agreement and any action taken by the Trustee with respect to the Collateral.
Estoppel Letters Borrower covenants to provide Agent, within ten (10) days after request, an estoppel letter stating (i) the balance of the Obligations, (ii) whether Borrower has any defenses to payment of the Obligations, and (iii) the nature of any defenses to payment of the Obligations. Such balance as presented for confirmation and the nonexistence of defenses shall be presumed if Borrower fails to respond to such a request within the required period.
Lease Estoppels With respect to each Mortgage Loan secured by retail, office or industrial properties, the Mortgage Loan Seller requested the related Mortgagor to obtain estoppels from each commercial tenant with respect to the Certified Rent Roll (except for tenants for whom the related lease income was excluded from the Mortgage Loan Seller’s underwriting). With respect to each Mortgage Loan predominantly secured by a retail, office or industrial property leased to a single tenant, the Mortgage Loan Seller reviewed such estoppel obtained from such tenant no earlier than 90 days prior to the origination date of the related Mortgage Loan (or such longer period as Mortgage Loan Seller may deem reasonable and appropriate based on Mortgage Loan Seller’s practices in connection with the origination of similar commercial and multifamily loans intended for securitization), and to Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, based solely on the related estoppel, (x) the related lease is in full force and effect and (y) there exists no material default under such lease, either by the lessee thereunder or by the lessor subject, in each case, to customary reservations of tenant’s rights, such as with respect to CAM and pass-through audits and verification of landlord’s compliance with co-tenancy provisions.
Tenant Estoppel Certificates (a) Seller agrees from and after receipt of the Assumption Approval as set forth in Section 9.1 and provided this Agreement is in full force and effect, within five (5) business days after being requested by Purchaser to do so, to deliver to all tenants of the Property a request for an estoppel certificate in the form of EXHIBIT D attached hereto, which form may be revised if so requested by the Existing Lender. The parties agree that, subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b) below, it shall be a condition to Purchaser's obligation to close under this Agreement that an estoppel certificate either substantially in the form of EXHIBIT D or in the form required by a tenant's Lease, dated not earlier than ten (10) business days prior to the Closing Date, be delivered to Purchaser no later than five (5) business days before Closing from tenants under the Leases occupying, in the aggregate, not less than 75% of the rentable area of the Property, including all tenants occupying at least a full floor or more of space (a "TENANT ESTOPPEL"), Seller agrees to use good faith efforts to obtain such Tenant Estoppels, provided however, Seller shall not be obligated to pay tenants in order to do so. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at Closing Seller delivers such Tenant Estoppels from tenants occupying at least 60% of the rentable area of the Property, Seller may execute and deliver to Purchaser, at Closing, its own certificate with respect to tenants occupying up to an additional 15% of the rentable area of the Property (substantially in the form of EXHIBIT D or in the form required by a tenant's Lease, appropriately modified to reflect that they are certificates of Seller and made to Seller's knowledge; hereinafter, the "SELLER'S ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE") and the statements of Seller contained therein shall survive the Closing until the earlier of (a) one hundred and eighty (180) days after Closing, or (b) the date Purchaser obtains an estoppel certificate from a tenant for whom Seller delivered a Seller's Estoppel Certificate. (b) The parties agree that each Tenant Estoppel containing non-material exceptions, qualifications or modifications shall be deemed to be an acceptable estoppel certificate for purposes of this Section 7.4.5. In the event a Tenant Estoppel contains a material exception or qualification or alleges a material default by Seller (collectively, a "MATERIAL DEFAULT"), subject to the following provisions of this Section 7.4.5), Purchaser's sole and exclusive remedy shall be to terminate this Agreement by delivering notice thereof in writing to Seller, on the earlier of five (5) business days after the date of delivery to Purchaser of a Tenant Estoppel alleging a Material Default or the Closing Date (the "ESTOPPEL TERMINATION NOTICE"), time being of the essence as to the giving of such notice. If Purchaser shall timely give the Estoppel Termination Notice, then subject to Seller's option set forth below, this Agreement shall terminate, and upon such termination, Purchaser shall be entitled to the return of the Deposit Note and all interest thereon, and neither party shall have any obligation hereunder other than as may be expressly provided for in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Purchaser shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement if Tenant Estoppel(s) allege Material Default(s) if (x) such Material Default(s) can be remedied by the performance of work costing not more than $50,000 in the aggregate for all such Tenant Estoppel(s) or the payment of money not exceeding $50,000 in the aggregate with respect to such tenants and (y) Seller elects (by written notice to Purchaser given simultaneously with Seller's delivery of such Tenant Estoppel to Purchaser), at Seller's option (but Seller shall have no obligation), to cure the nonconforming matter set forth in such estoppel by either performing or causing to be performed the work on or prior to the Closing Date, by paying the money on or prior to the Closing Date, or by granting Purchaser a credit against the Purchase Price in an amount reasonably necessary to perform such work, as reasonably determined by Seller and Purchaser, in which event Seller shall, at or before the Closing, cure, perform, pay or grant Purchaser a credit with respect to the same.
Estoppel Certificate Tenant shall from time to time, upon written request by Landlord or any Lender execute, acknowledge and deliver to Landlord or such Lender, within ten (10) business days after receipt of such request, a statement in writing certifying, without limitation: (i) that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or if there have been modifications, identifying such modifications and certifying that the Lease, as modified, is in full force and effect); (ii) the dates to which Rent and any other charges have been paid; (iii) that Landlord is not in default under any provision of this Lease (or if Landlord is in default, specifying each such default) and that, if true, no events or conditions exist which, with the passage of time or notice or both, would constitute a default on the part of Landlord hereunder, (iv) the address to which notices to Tenant shall be sent; (v) the amount of Tenant’s security deposit and (vi) such other factual statements as may be reasonably requested by Landlord; it being understood that any such statement so delivered may be relied upon in connection with any lease, mortgage or transfer. Tenant’s failure to deliver such statement within such time shall be conclusive upon Tenant that: (i) this Lease is in full force and effect and has not been modified except as Landlord may represent; (ii) not more than one (1) month’s Rent has been paid in advance; (iii) there are no defaults by Landlord; (iv) notices to Tenant shall be sent to Tenant’s Address as set forth in Article 1 of this Lease; and (v) that all other statements contained in such estoppel are true and correct. Notwithstanding the presumptions of this Article, Tenant shall not be relieved of its obligation to deliver said statement.

Equitable estoppel Sample Clauses

Filter & Search

Related Clauses

Parent Clauses

Related to Equitable estoppel