Final Remarks. My conceptualisation of folksong in this last part of the Introduction (§1.3) has placed especial emphasis on the contexts of reception and perception over the contexts of production and composition. From this perspective, folk songs are no longer interpreted as oral, unsophisticated, anonymous and traditional, in opposition to what is written, sophisticated, authorial and modern. Such binary oppositions result only from a preconceived distinction of folk (lowbrow) poetry and literary (highbrow) poetry, a distinction which does not really account for what a folk song is, but which instead a priori defines sets of texts as ‘folk’ after deciding on what a folk song should not be. I have tried to demonstrate that a folk song can still be considered oral, anonymous and traditional, not because it is composed under certain conditions and for specific social categories, but due to the modalities in which the song is used and perceived by its users. These users correspond to varied social groups that can be termed ‘folk groups’ (in Dundes’ terminology). Besides, texture and formal features can sometimes be helpful in determining this folk-mode of perception, but they do not necessarily result in preconceived (lowbrow) contexts of origin and composition. Folk songs are oral because they are actualised in oral reperformances, regardless of their original processes of composition and transmission, processes from which the use of writing cannot be excluded a priori. In their 282 On the relationship between communal creation and communal ownership in oral poetry as a whole, see Xxxxxxxx 1977: 201-206. contexts of reperformance – which have been interpreted as synchronic reperformances – folk songs are primarily perceived from an occasional-functional perspective over a self-standing one. Features such as basic style and simple structure may point to the universal applicability of certain songs, and they may be more apt than others to be perceived from a functionalist perspective, and therefore to be appropriated by folk groups. Accordingly, folk songs can be considered traditional not because they can be traced back to an undefined ancient origin, but because they are part of a traditional, recurring event, in which folk groups share and appropriate the event’s songs for specific purposes. Finally, the songs so used and perceived do not need to be authorised by an authorial voice/identity. In Foucauldian terms, we can speak of the folk songs’ non-operative ‘author-fun...
Final Remarks. This overview of some of the folk songs’ hallmark features confirms what we have said in the first section: the binary oppositions of ‘oral/written’, ‘simple/complex’, ‘anonymous/authorial’ and ‘traditional/modern’ do not provide an adequate analytical tool for interpreting folksong of any period. This is also valid in the field of ancient Greek culture, where our understanding of the carmina popularia is less enhanced and more hampered by the aforementioned binary oppositions. These binary oppositions do not prove effective in revealing what the collection of the carmina popularia and the texts included in them really represented in ancient Greece. On the contrary, they merely reflect and perpetuate a number of simplistic and elusive distinctions between folk traditions and literary forms. Notwithstanding its many drawbacks, this idea of folksong as something distinct in its very essence and form from literate poetry still pervades modern scholarship.195 More work remains to be done in identifying methodological approaches that may account successfully and usefully for the varieties and complexities of texts such as the carmina popularia. To this effect, criteria such as functionality, orality, texture, traditionality, and anonymity are not to be dismissed, but analysed from different theoretical perspectives. The analysis of these criteria should not lead to a prejudicial categorisation of folksong, to be distinguished in form and content, as well as in origin and composition, from literate poetry. Rather, any analysis, such as my own that will follow this Introduction, will be undertaken from the perspective of the contexts of reception and perception of the various songs themselves.
Final Remarks. As one of the most significant document indicating commitment to form the joint venture aforementioned, the MOU is only effective after all three parties have signed. Party A: CBCCom Inc. /x/ Party B: Shanghai Stock Exchange Communication Co. /x/ General Manager Party C: Shanghai Xingtong Telecommunications Science & Technology Co. Ltd /x/ President January 31, 1999 EXHIBIT C DEFINITION OF U.S. PERSON ss. 230.902 (o) U.S. Person.
Final Remarks. 1. The City of Muskogee is committed to the development of this PUD to promote a cohesive, vibrant community with integrated residential, commercial, and recreational spaces; enhance quality of life through the inclusion of pedestrian trails, bike paths, and open spaces; encourage sustainable development and healthy lifestyles.
2. It is understood that developers or property owners who develop within this PUD shall conform to the standards of this document and if a particular item related to development is not listed in this document, the developer shall conform to the City of Muskogee Code of Ordinances.
Final Remarks. After several years of mutual negotiations, representatives of the EU and Japan signed the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) and the Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) in Tōkyō on 17 July 2018. The EPA and the SPA are expected to enter into force in early 2019. The EPA will create one of the largest free trade zones in the world and is intended to shape stand- ards for international trade and economic activity in areas including envir- onmental and climate issues, consumer protection, compliance with social standards and competition law. It will further promote trade and open new opportunities to traders, investors and service providers. The SPA will be- come the first-ever bilateral framework agreement between the EU, its Member States and Japan, and is intended to reinforce the overall partner- ship by promoting political and sectoral cooperation and joint actions on issues of common interest, including regional and global challenges. ∗ Attorney-at-Law admitted in Germany and registered in Japan, Kuroda Law Offic- es, Tōkyō. To date, the EU and Japan have already concluded several bilateral in- ternational agreements, specifically in the areas of mutual recognition of conformity assessments, cooperation against restrictions on competition, nuclear energy, customs and trade facilitations, mutual assistance in xxxxx- nal matters1, and scientific and technological cooperation. This article provides the reader with an overview of the provisions of the EPA and SPA, commentary on them, and an overview of other bilateral international agreements that exist between the EU and Japan in the areas of trade and economic relations.
I. BILATERAL INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN FORCE
1. Mutual recognition of the results of conformity assessments
Final Remarks. This deliverable reflects the current state of the discussions, plans and ambitions of the QuIET partners with regards to the available and expected research data and will be updated as work progresses.
Final Remarks. The authors have included in this chapter the approaches that are presently being used to compare measured data with design data. The following remarkable issues were noted. • The IEC-61400-13 standard [33] clearly describes how mechanical load measurement campaigns should be carried out. However, this standard does not include a procedure how to compare the measured data with the design data. • From the VEWTDC project and from interviews with designers it is concluded that the measured data are being used for checking the correctness of design models, for quantifying input parameters of design models, for estimating uncertainties in the design models, and for completing the set of design loads in case the models are not suitable. A clear procedure for doing this has not been found. • The information found about comparing design and measured data is limited to the global turbine loads. The authors have not found any publication or report on comparing measured data of mechanical components with component design data.
Final Remarks. The steel sector can benefit from an ambitious climate deal in Copenhagen in 2009. This holds even more if the sector itself can contribute to shaping such a deal by proposing and working out a global sectoral agreement for steel. Obviously such a deal should include minimum conditions such as being monitorable, verifiable, and enforceable, including timelines and a involving a minimal xxxxxxxx xxxx of participating countries. First promising steps for such a voluntary approach in the context of the World Steel Association have been made. Now it will come to fine-tuning and calibrating the steel sector approach to the multilateral Copenhagen negotiation process. If the steel sector succeeds in ‘leading by example’ as it aims to, steel can indeed become a main contributor to a global low-carbon economy within a level playing field for competition between steel producers worldwide. However, if no sectoral agreement can be obtained the outcome will be more uncertain. In particular inclusion in a global deal of parties like China, Russia, the Ukraine, the United States and Japan, and to a lesser extent the other main steel sector countries then seems to be a fair condition to ask for by the EU steel sector. Actions of these countries should be as measurable, reportable and verifiable as those of the EU and –directly or indirectly- result in a comparable burden to the steel sector of these countries. Finally, any international climate agreement will be the result of a complex negotiation process involving ‘give and take’ on a large number of very different issues. So far, the EU steel industry and most other parties have announced clearly what they want to ‘take’ from such a deal. In order for a climate deal to be indeed concluded, however, it seems now time that all parties also stress what they want to ‘give’. Only in that way, a level playing field for competition in the global steel sector and a climate agreement to the benefit of all can be obtained. Literature Xxxx-Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxx, (Contributing Authors), Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Climate Strategies Report: Differentiation and Dynamics of EU ETS Industrial competitiveness impacts S.l. : Climate Strategies, 2007 Border tax adjustment and the EU-ETS, a quantitative assessment.
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Final Remarks. The presented work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project n. P406/12/0658), and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project n. LM2010013 – LINDAT/CLARIN).