Hydrogen. The Gas shall contain no carbon monoxide, halogens, or unsaturated hydrocarbons, and no more than four hundred parts per million (400 ppm) of hydrogen.
Hydrogen. 1) Keep hydrogen away from sources of ignition and do not permit any accumulation of gas. A sign must be posted: “HYDROGEN – FLAMMABLE GAS – NO SMOKING – NO OPEN FLAMES.”
Hydrogen. The percent combined hydrogen in a hydrocarbon fuel is a critical factor in controlling stack smoke levels. In general, the higher the hydrogen content in a liquid fuel the lower the smoke level will be. As an example: paraffinic hydrocarbons with high hydrogen contents (14-15%) have much less tendency to smoke than do aromatic hydrocarbons which can have 10% or less hydrogen. Hydrogen is usually determined by an accurate measurement of the amount of water produced in the controlled combustion of a weighed amount of fuel.
Hydrogen i. Hydrogen and hydrogen-based energy supply chain studies
Hydrogen. Hydrogen has many qualities: − it is the most abundant atom on earth, as a constituent of water, 1 AFH2, Paris, E-mail: xxxxxxx.xxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xx 24 Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx − it is the most energetic molecule: 120MJ/kg, i.e. twice as much as natural gas, − it is neither polluting nor toxic, − its combustion produces no pollutant (only water), − it is the lightest of all gases, which is a positive factor in terms of security (it diffuses at high speed in the air), − it has numerous production modes, adapted to all forms of primary energy (electrolysis, thermal water decomposition, reforming), − its transport is easy and environment-friendly (in particular through pipes), − its modes of transformation are varied (fuel cell, thermal engine, turbine, combustion). Notwithstanding all these qualities, some flaws should be mentioned: − its lightness implies a volumetric energy density which is not in favour of its storage as gas, − its air inflammability and detonation limits are more extended that for natural gas (by a factor of 5), on the other hand in a ‘confined’ situation (i.e. trapped with air in a closed volume), these limits are more difficult to reach than with natural gas due to the speed of its diffusion in the air (4 times faster than natural gas), − it has a bad reputation in terms of security and its public acceptability is not obvious!
Hydrogen. The gas shall contain no carbon monoxide, halogens or unsaturated hydrocarbons, and no more than four hundred parts per million (400ppm) of hydrogen. 2. In the event any gas delivered by Customer to Transporter at any Point of Delivery fails to meet the quality specifications set forth above, Transporter may refuse to accept receipt of such gas until Customer or Customer s supplier shall have corrected the quality deficiency. 3. In the event any gas delivered by Transporter to Customer at any Point of Redelivery fails to meet the quality specifications set forth above, Customer may refuse to accept receipt of such gas until Transporter shall have corrected the quality deficiency.
Hydrogen. Demonstration of fuel-cell-powered working machinery began in the harbor of Helsinki in 2013. The first commercial hydrogen fueling station opened in March 2014 for private cars and buses at the Port of Helsinki. At Voikoski, one hydrogen fueling station, operated by national gas manufacturer Woikoski Oy, opened in January 2014 for Finland’s first hydrogen car. During the winter season of 2011–2012, one hydrogen fueling station was available in Rovaniemi to enable different hydrogen vehicle manufacturers to test their products in cold winter conditions. Outlook Bioethanol and HVO renewable diesel will be increasingly used as biofuels in Finland. 24 xxxx://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xx Ethanol produced by St1 in Finland is increasing as St1 broadens its feedstock sources to include straw and waste fibers. St1 is planning to build an ethanol plant in Kajaani that will use sawdust to produce around 5 ktoe/a ethanol by 2015. The target for 2020 is to produce some 150 ktoe bioethanol (300 000 m3) per year. St1 also plans to expand its RE85 distribution chain in Finland. The total production capacity of Neste Oil’s NEXBTL (HVO) is already close to 2 Mt/a (Finland, Singapore, and Rotterdam plants). In 2012, Neste Oil built a pilot plant for producing microbial oil for use as a feedstock for NEXBTL renewable diesel. A wide range of different waste and residue materials can be used, such as straw and side streams from the pulp and paper industry, which makes feedstock optimization possible. In 2014, Neste Oil and DONG Energy announced a partnership. DONG Energy’s Inbicon technology is to be used in the first part of the process to pre-treat biomass and produce cellulosic sugars that can be further converted to microbial oil using Neste Oil’s technology. Commercial-scale production is expected by 2015 at the earliest. The Finnish pulp and paper company, UPM, is building a biorefinery in Lappeenranta that will use hydrotreatment to produce biofuels from crude tall oil. The biorefinery will produce approximately 100 kt/a of advanced hydrotreated biodiesel for transportation annually. Construction of the biorefinery is expected to be finished in 2014. In the long term, cellulosic BTL is expected to cover a significant share of the diesel vehicle pool in Finland. Finland’s state-owned energy company, Vapo, was awarded 88.5 million euros for a wood-based biodiesel plant in northern Finland (Kemi) that could produce renewable fuels around 100,000 t/a, but the plan is frozen. In ad...
Hydrogen. Developing the potential for hydrogen to support the transition to a low carbon economy; • Sharing information and expertise including in the framework of the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting; and • Working together to promote international cooperation on research, development and deployment of hydrogen technologies, including through the G20, Mission Innovation and the International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy.
Hydrogen. During the Supply Period, Seller shall supply and Buyer shall take the quantities of hydrogen set forth in Exhibits A and D related to the Spill Stream Hydrogen.
Hydrogen. Hydrogen and hydrogen-based energy supply chain studies Shaping international hydrogen standards Hydrogen research and development Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS), including: CCUS research, development and demonstration Carbon utilisation and carbon recycling Potential supply of minerals of interests from Australia to Singapore for CO2 carbonisation/mineralisation Industry performance Renewable energy trade, including: Exploring large-scale renewable electricity trade Measurement, Verification and Reporting (MRV), including: Identification of opportunities to collaborate both bilaterally and with other countries in the region in support of a shared commitment to the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement’s Enhanced Transparency Framework. Participants The lead agencies for implementation of the MoU are the Government of Australia Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources and the Government of the Republic of Singapore National Climate Change Secretariat.
