Radiographs. Bite-wing x-rays once in a fiscal year, unless special need is shown; Full mouth x-rays once in a five (5) year period, unless special need is shown.
Radiographs. The following radiograph is covered:
Radiographs. Plain radiographs of the chest, abdomen and extremities are routinely collected in clinical practice and represent a valuable and inexpensive tool for detection of VC in both the general population [339] and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) [340]. Lateral lumbar radiographs can also accurately detect AC and careful examination may even distinguish between intimal and medial calcification [313]. Medial calcification is usually characterised on plain radiographs as linear lesions visible along the course of an artery (Figure 1.12), whereas intimal calcification is more characteristically identified by patchy and irregular radio-opaque lesion [341].
Radiographs. Upper lung zone flow redistribution, lung interstitial or alveolar edema, bilateral pleural effusions, and cardiac enlargement are the most common abnormal signs of cardiac-related dyspnea on chest radiographs [50]. According to the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure, the most useful diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with or at risk for HF is a comprehensive 2-dimensional echocardiogram. Coupled with Doppler flow studies, the TTE can identify abnormalities of myocardium, heart valves, and pericardium [45]. Similarly, Canadian HF guidelines recommend echocardiography as the initial noninvasive imaging test for all patients with suspected HF [51]. Recent developments in myocardial strain, 3-D TTE, and echo contrast offer superior diagnostic and prognostic information [22]. Strain is a measure of myocardial tissue displacement and is used to measure either systolic or diastolic function [52]. 3-D TTE may be slightly superior to 2-D TTE for LVEF determination but is not as widely available [53]. Doppler echocardiography is recommended for the assessment of diastolic function and intracardiac pressures [54]. SPECT/PET imaging is employed to detect global and regional ventricular function, myocardial perfusion, and viability in patients with HF [55], However, compared to SPECT, the availability of cardiac PET is currently limited to specialized centers [51]. CMR provides information on cardiac structure and function and allows the characterization of myocardial tissue. With the combined use of “cine” (functional) imaging, T2-weighted (“edema”) imaging, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE, or “scar”) imaging, a majority of HF etiologies can be characterized [22]. Cine CMR provides highly accurate measures of biventricular volumes and thus is the gold standard imaging modality for assessing biventricular function in patients with HF [56-58]. T1- and T2-mapping MRI techniques are emerging quantitative MR methods for evaluation of myocardial tissue characteristics and will likely play a future role in the diagnosis and treatment response monitoring of HF patients [59]. CCTA is primarily used to evaluate the coronary arteries. However, it also allows for accurate assessment of global and regional LV function assessment in patients with HF, although it requires higher radiation doses for the latter application [60-62].
Radiographs. The chest radiograph is often one of the initial imaging tests to detect valve-related abnormalities based on changes in cardiac configuration or calcification collections; this may guide subsequent diagnostic testing. Doppler echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for VHD. Other imaging modalities, such as cardiac CT or MRI, may then be needed to confirm or complement the findings from Doppler echocardiography [63]. In patients with aortic or mitral stenosis, the presence and severity of valve obstruction is generally assessed with the use of peak transvalvular flow velocity, peak and mean transvalvular pressure gradients, and valve effective orifice area measured by Doppler echocardiography [64,65]. Doppler echocardiography is also used for comprehensive evaluation of the valve morphology (ie, presence of congenital anomaly, degree of leaflet thickening and calcification, presence and extent of commissural fusion, fibrocalcific remodeling of mitral subvalvular apparatus), which is also essential to document the presence and/or severity of valve stenosis, to predict rapid progression, and to aid therapeutic decision-making [66].
Radiographs. Bite-wing X-rays once in a fiscal year unless special need is shown to the satisfaction of the dental plan administrator; • Full mouth X-rays once in a five-year period unless special need is shown to the satisfaction of the dental plan administrator.
Radiographs. The Supplier shall retain radiographs. _40 Years for: Flight safety, Critical / major rotor parts (i.e., turbine and compressor disks, hubs, shafts, free turbine couplings and turbine disk side plates), Space Shuttle fuel cells as well as serialized major engine (cast / fabricated) cases, (i.e., inlet fan, compressor, intermediate, diffuser, combustion, turbine and exhaust cases), and main shaft bearing supports which are not integral to a major case and engine components traceable by Engineering Drawing / Quality Assurance Data required serial numbers. 10 Years for: Castings or parts where the purchase order, engineering drawing or specifications require serial number traceability. Castings or parts where the purchase order, engineering drawing or specifications do not require serial number traceability, shall be retained only if no other inspection record is retained that documents completion and final acceptance of radiographic inspection. 5 Years for: Military hardware – turbine airfoil (blades) casting radiographs for initial casting quality. Military hardware – Radiographs of airfoils for the presence of foreign material need not be retained provided an inspection record is retained that documents completion and final acceptance of radiographic inspection.
Radiographs. X-rays as required for routine care or as necessary for the diagnosis of a specific condition.
