Central and Eastern Europe. Albania Belarus Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Moldavia Poland Romania Russia Serbia & Montenegro Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine
Central and Eastern Europe. The Central and Eastern Europe segment is to be one of the central core areas of growth for Commerzbank (new). The aim is to become one of the key players among foreign banks in the region. Dresdner Bank’s existing activities in Central and Eastern Europe will be integrated into Commerzbank (new). In countries where parallel Commerzbank (new) and Allianz activities exist or are being developed, the intention is to build up collaboration possibilities between the Parties. The planned expansion will be driven forward by organic growth and external additions. The organic growth will result from the further development of existing business activities and the regional roll-out of business models already successful in other countries (e.g. m-Bank). The growth initiatives will focus on business in retail and corporate banking. Regional emphases will be determined in line with specific country rankings, which take account of market appeal, economic and political stability, and so on.
Central and Eastern Europe. The interactive methodology of Labs uses design thinking and gamification to engage consumers, stimulate creativity and xxxxxx the acceptance of new products. It allows non-experts to modify product features without the need to master specialist vocabulary or understand ingredients/manufacturing methods. This collective exercise yields non-obvious, counter-intuitive combinations of product features and be attractive for consumers involved in the co-creation. Selected activities of EIT Food RIS Consumer Engagement Labs will be implemented with the support of dedicated subcontractors. EIT Food Co-Location Centres (CLCs) North-East and South together with University of Warsaw organized an open call to select consortia consisting of subcontractors, using clear and transparent selection criteria, and each local consortium consists of 3 organisations operating in the same country. Contractual tasks of the Subcontractor: Consortium member 1 - Scientific organisation
Central and Eastern Europe. Bulgaria The Livestock Markets
Central and Eastern Europe. The Alico Business has the largest insurance platform in the Central and Eastern European region with 13 markets, which include Poland, Greece, Bulgaria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Hungary, Latvia, Serbia, Lithuania and Cyprus. This region accounted for $1.7 billion, or approximately 12% of the Alico Business’ total revenues for the year ended November 30, 2009. The Alico Business’ principal products offered in the region include life insurance (traditional and unit-linked), accident and health insurance, individual annuities, group life insurance, pension funds and mutual funds. Its products are distributed through captive agency, bancassurance, brokers, group sales force and direct marketing distribution channels.
Central and Eastern Europe. While the productivist strategies described above have been pursued across the EU, Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) have followed distinctive paths of agricultural development relative to Western European countries as a result of collectivized agriculture under socialist re- gimes. During this period, farms in CEE followed a distinctly dualistic path, with two principal types of farm structures: small, self-subsistence plots on one hand, and large-scale collectivized state farms producing the majority of output on the other, which followed the same logic of economies of scale as in Western Europe (Xxxxxx et al., 2004). Agriculture was an integral part of the central- ly planned economy, and CEE countries were major suppliers of agricultural products to the Soviet Union, with collectivized farms linked to centralized input-supply and product-processing facilities (IAASTD, 2009). Large farms underwent rapid industrialization from the 1970-1990s, during which time CEE agriculture was considered as intensive as its Western European counterpart in terms of inputs such as fertilizers (Figure 9). Meanwhile, small farms developed and were authorized by Soviet authorities in response to food shortages, but their development was not supported xxxxx- cially by the government as to avoid tendencies towards private ownership (ibid). Socialized agri- culture was focused on quantity rather than quality, and is largely regarded as having suffered from inefficiency as a result of its insulation from market signals (Xxxxxx et al., 2004). Figure 9: Fertilizer consumption in 13 North-, West- and South-European (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom), and in four CEECs (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania) between 1961 and 2002. Source: Stoate et al. (2009). The transition to democracy and market economies beginning in the early nineties was marked by a high decrease in overall output as a result of market restructuring, a decrease in consumption, and difficulties with market access (Macours & Swinnen, 1999 ; OECD, 2001). De-collectivization took two central forms: state farms were either downsized or dismantled to create family farms, or were taken over privately by corporations without significant downsizing. Within the second restructuring, some farms underwent a “token restructuring”, in which privatization did not signif- icantly change production, whereas others underwent...
Central and Eastern Europe. AATICLES, STUDIES countries, is virtually identical in both the country ln traditional PCI research, disentangling "country" from "product" images and examining cause-and effect relationships between them is hard, since these images are formed from multiple sources and over Iong periods of time. To address this, when commu nism collapsed in Central and Eastem Europe (CEE) the IRG initiated a series of studies in Canada (1991, 1992, 1995, 2000) and the U.S. and Australia (1992, 1995) to examine PCI issues starting from a "clean" slate. That is, this stream studied the views of Western consumers at a time when they knew little about CEE countries, and virtually nothing about their products, helping to accentuate any potential halo effects. For comparison, the image of France, a much better known Western country, was used to benchmark those of four CEE nations (Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic,
