Exclusive Economic Zone. The idea of an exclusive economic zone is that the coastal state has the right to extend its economic control to large areas adjacent to its shores, where it has the right to explore and exploit unilaterally the living and non-living wealth of that area. In 1983, Egypt ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and reached to the Declaration of ratification stating that from the day on which it ratified the Convention, sovereignty rights shall be exercised over the exclusive economic zone adjacent to the territorial sea in the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea likewise. With Parts 5 and 6 of the Convention, the right to explore and exploit the seabed, groundwater and contiguous waters, for living or non-living resources, to establish structures, or all other activities relating to the exercise of their rights. Interestingly, the announcement did not specify exactly the breadth of the exclusive economic zone.
Exclusive Economic Zone. The UNCLOS followed the perspective of UNCLOS I on the contents of CS and grant only sovereign rights to coastal States on the seabed and under the subsoil hence leaving the suprajacent water column and air space out. The UNCLOS presented a new maritime 118 Ibid. Article 280. zone EEZ to cover some sovereign rights of the coastal States in the water column, over the seabed and under the subsoil up to but not exceedingly 200 nm. Article 56(1) of the UNCLOS sets forth as of its definition of EEZ and rights given to the coastal States as119:
1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has:
(a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds;
(b) jurisdiction as provided for in the relevant provisions of this Convention with regard to:
(i) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures;
(ii) marine scientific research;
(iii) the protection and preservation of the marine environment;
(c) other rights and duties provided for in this Convention.” This provision clarifies the activities and sovereign rights of the coastal States in the EEZ. Regarding the rights mentioned on the EEZ, “the economic exploitation and exploration” are the same as on the CS. Difference between the EEZ from the CS is that the rights listed in Article 56(1)(b) and the rights on the living resources in addition to the “conservation and management” of the living and non-living resources on the water xxxxxx000. Also, it should be mentioned that unlike the CS, the EEZ is not an inherent right thus the coastal States must proclaim it and deposit the boundaries to the UN Secretariat121. Just like the CS, EEZ also creates maritime boundary disputes between the opposing or adjacent States with the EEZ claims. The settlement of these maritime disputes also falls under Part XV of the UNCLOS if the disputing States cannot agree upon a final delimitation line. Additionally, the wording chosen in the Article 74, dealing with the 119 Article 56(1) of the UNCLOS. 120 Xxxxxxxxxx, p. 71. 121 Article 175 of the UNCLOS. delimitation of the EEZ, is exactly the same as the CS delimitation provision in Article 83122:
1. The delimitation of the excl...
Exclusive Economic Zone. If any research is anticipated in the vicinity, but just outside of a foreign country's 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), then a detailed explanation must be provided detailing how the determination was made that the EEZ will not be entered. If work within another nation's EEZ is contemplated, then a completed UN clearance request form (which the School will supply to the CS), along with an abstract of the science work and a map of the locations, must be supplied so that the School can request US State Department assistance in obtaining permission of the host government. Different nations require differing lead times for this process. You are encouraged to contact the School's Manager, Marine Operations, as early as possible so that the School can initiate the clearance protocol.
Exclusive Economic Zone. Within this area, the coastal State’s jurisdiction and control is limited to matters concerning the exploration, exploitation, management, and conservation of the resources of this international area.114 Although coastal State consent is required to conduct marine scientific research in its EEZ,115 the coastal State cannot regulate hydrographic surveys or military surveys conducted beyond its territorial sea, nor can it require notification of such activities.116 “[I]n the EEZ all nations enjoy the right to exercise the traditional high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight … and of all other traditional high seas uses by ships and aircraft which are not resource related.” The United States position is that nations can also conduct military activities, such as surveillance, in a coastal state’s EEZ. This is based on customary international law, as well as the contextual reading and drafting history of UNCLOS III. Some coastal states, specifically China, oppose this view.117
Exclusive Economic Zone. 1. In the area between the Indonesian archipelago and continental Australia the boundary between the area of exclusive economic zone that is adjacent to and appertains to the Republic of Indonesia and the area of exclusive economic zone that is adjacent to and appertains to Australia is the Line:
(a) commencing at the point of Latitude 10º 50'00" South, Longitude 130 12'00" East ("Point Z1");
(b) running thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 10°24'00" South, Longitude 138º 38'00" East (□P"Point Z2");
(c) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10º 22'00" South, Longitude 138° 35'00" East (□P"Point Z3");
(d) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10º 09'00" South, Longitude 138° 13'00" East (□P"Point Z4");
(e) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 137° 45'00" East (□P"Point Z5");
(f) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 135° 29'00" East (□P"Point Z6");
(g) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 135° 13'00" East (□P"Point Z7");
(h) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 135° 03'00" East (□P"Point Z8");
(i) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 134° 50'00" East (□P"Point Z9");
(j) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 133° 23'00" East (□P"Point Z10");
(k) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 132° 46'00" East (□P"Point Z11");
(l) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 132° 33'00" East (□P"Point Z12");
(m) thence south -westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 132° 30'00" East (□P"Point Z13");
(n) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 132° 20'00" East (□P"Point Z14");
(o) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 132° 12'00" East (□P"Point Z15");
(p) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 131° 57'00" East (□P"Point Z16");
(q) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to xxx xxxxx xx Xxxxxxxx 0x 00'00" South, Longitude 131° 52'00" East (□P"Point Z17");
(r) t...
