International Law Sample Clauses
The International Law clause establishes that the agreement and the parties' obligations are subject to relevant international laws and treaties. In practice, this means that the contract must comply not only with local or national laws but also with any applicable international conventions, such as those governing trade, intellectual property, or human rights. This clause ensures that the contract remains valid and enforceable across borders, helping to prevent conflicts of law and providing a framework for resolving disputes that may involve multiple jurisdictions.
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International Law. The Collected Papers of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇. Volume 1 (Cambridge University Press 1970) Lepard BD, ‘Introduction: Why Does Customary International Law Need Reexamining?’ in ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ (ed), Reexamining Customary International Law (Cambridge University Press 2017). ▇▇▇▇▇▇ BD, ‘Toward a New Theory of Customary International Human Rights Law’ in ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ (ed), Reexamining Customary International Law (Cambridge University Press 2017). ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇, ‘How to Select and Develop International Law Case Studies: Lessons from Comparative Law and Comparative Politics’ (2015) 109 The American Journal of International Law 475. Lister C, ‘Profiling the Islamic State’ (Brookings Doha Center 2014) <▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/en_web_lister.pdf> accessed 12 October 2020. Lister C, ‘Profiling ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇-Nusra’ (2016) <▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/wp- content/uploads/2016/07/iwr_20160728_profiling_nusra.pdf> accessed 22 May 2020. Loyle CE, ‘Rebel Justice during Armed Conflict’ [2020] Journal of Conflict Resolution 1. Loyle CE and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ HM, ‘Justice during Armed Conflict: A New Dataset on Government and Rebel Strategies’ (2018) 62 Journal of Conflict Resolution 442. ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇, ‘No Legal Basis under IHL for Detention in Non-International Armed Conflicts? A Comment on ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. Ministry of Defence’ (Ejil: Talk!, 5 May 2014) <▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/no-legal-basis-under-ihl-for-detention-in-non-international-armed- conflicts-a-comment-on-▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-v-ministry-of-defence/> accessed 22 May 2020. ▇▇▇▇▇ K, ‘A Needle in a Haystack: Locating the Legal Basis for Detention in Non- International Armed Conflict’ (2015) 45 Isr YB Hum Rts 87. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇, Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life During War (Cornell University Press 2011). ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇, ‘Insurgent Governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’ in ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (ed), Inducing Compliance with International Humanitarian Law (Cambridge University Press 2015). ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇, Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History of Al-Qaeda’s Most Powerful Ally (Indiana University Press 2018). ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇, Armed Non-State Actors in International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law: Foundation and Framework of Obligations and Rules on Accountability (Routledge 2017). Matas D, ‘Armed Opposition Groups’ (1997) 3 Manitoba Law Journal. ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ M, ‘Humanitarian Negotiations with Armed Groups. A Manual for Practitioners’ (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanita...
International Law. The Parties confirm their mutual understanding that "" customary international law referred to in article 9.4 is of a general practice and bottleoperative States, followed by them in the context of a legal obligation. with respect to article 9.4, the minimum standard of treatment of aliens by customary international law refers to all customary international law principles that protect the economic rights and interests of aliens. Annex 9-B Payments and transfers With respect to the obligations contained in article 9.9, each Party shall reserve the functions and powers of the central banks, to maintain or adopt measures in accordance with its applicable legislation, in the case of Chile, Act No. 18.840 constitutional organic, of the Central Bank of Chile, or other legal; and in the case of Colombia, Act No. 31, 1992 or other legal; to ensure the stability of the currency and the normal functioning of the internal and external payment costing US $500,000 as powers for this purpose, the regulation of the amount of money and credit in circulation, the execution of credit transactions and international changes, as also make rules in the field of monetary, financial and credit of international changes. As part of these measures, including the establishment of requirements which restrict or limit transfers (current payments and capital movements) to or from each party and operations which relate to them, e.g. establish that deposits or investments from loans, or intended to be subject to the obligation to maintain a reserve requirement or deposit. in applying measures under this annex in accordance with its domestic law, the Parties shall not discriminate between the other party and a non- party in respect of transactions of the same nature. Annex 9-C Expropriation The Parties confirm their mutual understanding that:
1. An action or a series of actions by a party cannot constitute an expropriation unless it interferes with a tangible or intangible property right or with the essential attributes or powers of the domain of an investment.
2. Article 9.10.1 addresses two situations. the first is where an expropriation, direct investment is expropriated or nationalized otherwise directly through formal transfer of title or the right of ownership.
International Law. This ASTD Framework represents political commitments of the Arctic States. The Participants do not intend this ASTD Framework to be binding under international law.
International Law. The Parties confirm their mutual understanding that customary international law in general and as is specifically mentioned in article 10.5 of is a general practice and bottleoperative States, followed by them in the context of a legal obligation.
International Law. The determination of what is and what is not customary international law is, of course, contentious, and it is beyond the scope of this Article to attempt a comprehensive analysis of the question in this context. 51 It is enough to note that we do not witness a consistent pattern of reparations being paid between states when international obligations are violated. Furthermore, the draft articles are only relevant when states have chosen to enter into a hard law agreement and include a dispute resolution mechanism. The hard law form is necessary because if there is rule of customary international law it only appear s to bind states in the event of a violation of hard law obligations. Even the Draft Article of State Responsibility do not claim that the reparations obligation applies to soft law. 52 States, therefore, could only consider the reparations obligation rele vant in instances in which they select the hard law form. If anything this depends the puzzle addressed in the Article since a customary international law requiring reparation would make hard law even more powerful and effective relative to soft law.
International Law. Cases and ▇▇▇▇- ▇▇▇▇▇, (3rd ed., 1993) Hobe, S., Die rechtlichen Rahmenbegingungen der wirtschaftlichen Nutzung des Wel- traums, (1995) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, N.L.J.T., Liability Versus Responsibility Under International Law, (1996) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, B., State Liability for Outer Space Activities in Accordance with the 1972 Con- vention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, (1992) Ikl´e, F.C., How Nations Negotiate (1964) International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Arbitration in Air, Space and Telecommunications Law: Enforcing Regulatory Measures, The Permanent Court of Arbitration / Peace Palace Papers, PCA International Law Seminar, February 23, 2001, (2001) International Law Commission, Report of the International Law Commission, 28th Session, [1976], ILC YB 1 International Law Association, ▇▇▇ Booklet, Space Law Committee, Section B: Sugges- tions for the Future (64th Conference, London, 1990), (1990) International Law Commission, Report of International Law Commission, (1991) International Law Association, ▇▇▇ Committee on Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: ▇▇▇ Re- port (1994) International Telecommunication Satellite Organisation (INTELSAT), Bridging the Gap : A Guide to Telecommunications and Development, (1985) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇., The World Trading System: Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, 2nd ed., (1997) ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇. (ed.), International Courts for the Twenty-First Century (1992) ▇▇▇▇▇, M.W., An Introduction to International Law, (2nd ed., 1993) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, N., International Space Law and the United Nations, A publication on the occasion of the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III), July 1999, Vienna, Austria, (1999) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, N., (ed.), Maintaining Outer Space for Peaceful Uses, (1984) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, N. and ▇▇▇, R.S.K., Manual on Space Law, Volume III, (1979) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, N., (ed.), Space Law: Development and Scope, (1992) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇., (eds.), ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ International Law Volume I, 9th ed., (1992) ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., A Modern Law of Nations (1986) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇, ▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. (eds.), The Antarctic Treaty System in World Politics (1991) ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇.▇., Handbook of Satellite Telecommunications and Broadcasting, (1987) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, S., (ed.), National Symposium on Court Connected Dispute Resolution Research
International Law. 28.1 To the extent that TOML’s obligations under this Agreement conflict with ▇▇▇▇’s ISA Obligations, the latter shall take precedence, and the Parties agree that TOML shall be relieved of its obligations under this Agreement to the extent and for the period that those obligations conflict with ▇▇▇▇’s ISA Obligations or other obligations at International Law.
28.2 Any relief provided to TOML under this clause 28 does not invalidate the remaining provisions of this Agreement nor affect the validity of that provision at a future date if it ceases to cause TOML to be in breach of TOML’s ISA Obligations.
International Law. At the international law (business practice) level, the contractual liability for non-payment of agency commission is incorporated in several clauses (articles 13-14) of the International IH&RA-UFTAA Code of Practice. It is a contractual hotel-keeper's liability for proprietary and non-proprietary damage to the tourist agency due to violations of two contractual obligations: 1) the obligation to pay commission and 2) the obligation of a clear understanding of the commission. The hotel-keeper is liable to the travel agency for proprietary and non-proprietary damage if he does not pay in full and on time the commission for paid allotment services (article 13). The rule of international business practice is that the travel agency alone pays the price of hotel services rendered minus the commission, unless explicitly agreed that the price will be paid directly by the allotment guest, in which case the hotel-keeper guarantees the payment of the commission to the travel (tourist) agency. The IH&RA-UFTAA Code does not specify the period within which the hotel-keeper, in the allotment contract, must pay the commission to the travel agency in case the guests themselves pay directly the price of hotel (allotment) services. In case that the deadline is not contracted, the author assumes that the hotel-keeper should pay the commission immediately upon the request of the agency or in the subsequently contracted deadline. The hotel-keeper is liable for any damage arising from non-payment of the commission, which guest paid directly the price of confirmed services (article 13.d).
1.). The hotel-keeper's constant obligation is to inform the agency about the commission amount. Data delivered by the hotel-keeper to the agency about the commission include (article 14.
2.): 1) whether a commission will be paid and on which services, 2) the commission’s rate and
3) commission payable on any extension of stay agreed. On the international law (international business practices) level, there is a specificity related to contractual hotel-keeper's liability for non-payment of a commission to the travel agency in the allotment contract (article 14.2.). According to this provision , the hotel-keeper is required, in the allotment contract, to pay to the travel agency a commission for an extended guest stay in the hotel, as well (commissions are payable on any extension of stay agreed), if the travel agency guarantees payment for such extended stay (where the payment is guaranteed by th...
International Law. The main treaty governing activities at sea is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982. This convention regulates the rights of (coastal) states in the sea, such as the sovereign right for drilling and the construction of offshore installations, and the obligations of the states with regard to the environmental preservation of the sea. This convention has an international scope as it has been signed and ratified by most states, or has been accepted as the law of the sea on the basis of customary law. In addition to UNCLOS which acts as the constitution of the sea there are numerous conventions dealing with specific matter such as environmental protection. The London Protocol (1996) is relevant for CCS activities. The London Protocol prohibits dumping, which initially included the storage of carbon dioxide in the subsoil, but the storage of carbon dioxide in the subsoil is no longer considered dumping after an amendment to the
International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [A manual of public international law.]