PATIENTS AND METHODS Sample Clauses
PATIENTS AND METHODS. The PiKo-1 (Ferraris Cardiorespiratory, Louisville, CO, USA) is a lightweight, small, inexpensive electronic sensing device that can measure PEF and FEV1. The device can store 96 readings and report errors in the procedure. The reading itself is displayed along with a corresponding color zone, which can be adjusted according to the reference values. Data stored in the device can also be transferred to a computer or transmitted to other units1 (Figure 1). The Masterlab pneumotachograph (Xxxxxx XX, Würzburg, Germany) is a device that is widely used in clinical practice for measuring spirometric variables. However, the size of the device is a hindrance, and personnel with specific training are required. For these reasons, other devices, such as the PiKo-1 are under development. The aim is to make these devices easier to operate so that, once their readings have been shown to agree with those of the pneumotachograph, physicians can use them in the clinical practice. In clinical research, the reliability of a device is usually assessed by comparing the results with those of another one widely used in clinical practice for agreement or discrepancies. If a more practical alternative to the reference device becomes available, the agreement between systems should be determined. When a variable in a comparative analysis is continuous and quantitative, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is more appropriate than the Xxxxxxx correlation coefficient (r), as it can indicate general agreement between 2 or more methods of measurement or different observations.8 Another simple and visual method is the so-called Xxxxx-Xxxxxx analysis to assess agreement between 2 systems of measurement.9 We have undertaken a randomized, single-blind, cross- sectional study of agreement between 2 measurement devices in a specialist care setting—the lung function testing laboratory of the Hospital General Yagüe in Burgos, Spain, at 867 m above sea level. Patients were recruited from those attending our specialist laboratory between March 15 and April 24, 2004 for lung function testing. Patients aged between 20 years and 80 years were included, and those who did not understand the technique after a brief explanation were excluded in order to avoid procedural errors. A table of random numbers was used to select patients from among those who attended the lung function testing laboratory and who met the inclusion criteria. A sample size of 40 patients was calculated to be sufficient to d...
PATIENTS AND METHODS. This randomized, single-blind study included 40 patients who attended the clinic for lung function testing. The 2 measurement devices were the Masterlab pneumotachograph and the PiKo-1. A correction factor estimated by the manufacturer was applied to the measurements taken with the PiKo-1.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Participants
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Patients The study was approved by the hospital ethics committee and was conducted according to the principles stated in the Helsinki convention. Written informed consent was obtained the day before surgery. Fifteen patients (11 men and 4 women, mean age 73 years) scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (11 patients with CAGB and 4 patients with mitral valve annuloplasty) were included in the study. Patients with significant valvular regurgitation and/or atrial fibrillation, aneurismal deformities to the aorta or symptomatic peripheral vascular disease were excluded. Patients were pre-medicated with sublingual lorazepam (0.05mg/kg). Radial arterial blood pressure was monitored via a 20 Gauge, 3.8 xx xxxx radial catheter inserted by Seldinger technique and connected to a pressure Data analysis
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Drug formulation Study design Eligibility criteria
PATIENTS AND METHODS. To investigate agreement between indirect calorimetry and several REE estimating equations in 38 ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis, we performed indirect calorimetry and compared the results with XXXx estimated using 5 equations [Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx (HBE), Mifflin, WHO, Xxxxxxxxx, and Xxxxxxxxxx]. Results: Xxxxxxxx XXX was 1393.2 ± 238.7 kcal/day. There were no significant differences between measured and estimated XXXx except Mifflin (1264.9 ± 224.8 kcal/day). Root mean square errors were smallest for HBE, followed by Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, and WHO, and largest for Mifflin (171.3, 171.9, 174.6, 175.3, and 224.6, respectively). In Xxxxx-Xxxxxx plot, correlation coefficients between mean values and differences were significant for HBE (r = 0.412, p = 0.012) and tended to be significant for Xxxxxxxxxx (r = 0.283, p = 0.086). In DM patients and patients with overhydration, HBE showed signi- ficant underestimation when REE increased.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Patients
PATIENTS AND METHODS. The liver intensive care unit (LITU) at King’s College Hospital is a tertiary referral centre for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). In a previous study from this unit, pregnancy related liver disease accounted for less than 5% of all admissions with ALF between 1986 to 1996.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. This study is approved by the Local Ethics Committee (Approval number: 4/2023). Between 2020 and 2023, a total of 64 needle liver biopsies were included in this study. Biopsy reports were retrieved from the electronic archive. These biopsies had been reported by seven pathologists working in our department who received specialized training from different centers. Ten reports from each of six pathologists were included in the study. The seventh pathologist, who had recently joined the study, had only four biopsies meeting the criteria and was not evaluated individually. All biopsies had received a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and were scored according to the Modified Ishak Histological Activity Index (MHAİ) (Table 1). Sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, silver, and trichrome were retrieved from the archives and re-evaluated by the researcher (İÇ) under a light microscope. They were then rescored according to the MHAİ. The data were compared with the values from the previously prepared reports. In the initial evaluation, the researcher scores were compared to all other biopsies (n=64) (Table 2). Subsequently, the scores from the researcher and those from the six pathologists were compared individually (n=10) (Table 3). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0, applying Xxxxx'x kappa statistic. The results were evaluated by categorizing them into standard categories as follows (6). Xxxxx’x Kappa İnterpretation <0 poor 00-0.20 slight 0.21-0.40 fair 0.41-0.60 moderate 0.61-0.80 substantial 0.81- 1.00 almost perfect In the statistical evaluation, considering all cases, the kappa value for the MAI degree was 0.02 (slight), and for the stage, it was 0.38 (fair). When considering individual parameters, the lowest kappa value was found for B (confluent necrosis), while the highest kappa value was observed in the D (portal inflammation) category (Table 3). When evaluating the researcher's agreement with other pathologists separately, the kappa values for grading were quite low, indicating poor agreement. For staging, there were relatively higher values (ranging from 0.12 to 0.49), indicating fair to moderate agreement. Substantial agreement (0.72) was observed with one observer (P4). Among the parameters, the highest agreement was found in the assessment of portal inflammation (D), while the weakest agreement was observed in the assessment of confluent necrosis. The MHAİ grading was also evaluated as diagnostic categories. In this case (score 1-3 min...
PATIENTS AND METHODS. This was a cross sectional study1 performed at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore. The duration of study was six months from 20th November 2016 to 19th May 2017. Total of 85 patients were recruited in the study. All the patients were treated on out- patient basis. Patients with ≥12 years and above age having white lesion in oral cavity for the duration ≥14 days and ≤6 months were a part of this study. Patients with any medical emergency as myocardial infarction, cerebro vascular accidents, an- xxxx pectoris, road traffic accidents, pregnant females and oral white lesions that were present since birth and greater than 4 cm in size were excluded from the study. The study was sent for approval to ethical com- mittee of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry and informed consent was taken from the patients in the understandable language by them, before their inclu- sion in the study. All the patients presented to the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery department with white lesion of the mouth were subjected to complete history and clinical examination of oral cavity & maxillofacial region. Routine baseline investigations were advised and concerned radiographs were taken. All the patients were examined and treated by the same oral and max- illofacial surgeon. All patients were given local anesthesia.2,8 Local infiltration of lignocaine anesthesia (2%) with xxxxx- xxxxx 1:100,000 for hemostasis was used at the incision site under strict aseptic measures. Excisional biopsy was done for lesion less than 2cm,and incisional biop- sy was done for lesions greater than 2cm. All biopsy specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and sent for histopathological report to the histopathologist. After achieving the adequate haemostasis the incision was closed using 3-0 vicryl suture. All patients were given postoperative antibiotics and analgesics for 5 days. Oral hygiene measures were taken using 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash .1,4,5,6 All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 17 software (SPSS, Inc.,Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous / Quantitative variables such as age of patient were presented in mean ± standard deviation. Categorical / qualitative variables such as agreement and gender of the patient, site of lesions, clinical and histopathological diagnosis were computed in the terms of frequency and percentages. Kappa statistics was calculated to determine the strength of agreement between clinical an...