Research Design and Rationale Sample Clauses

Research Design and Rationale. This part describes the research design used in the study and provides reasons why a particular method was applied. There are three types of research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. Each of them has its own features and advantages. Quantitative research focuses on the exploration of the relationships between different occurrences and relies on the numbers. In contrast, qualitative research deals with the words and provides an in-depth understanding of the issue or phenomenon. As Xxxxx stated, qualitative research helps the researcher "to really get under the skin of a phenomenon" (2004,
Sample 1
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Research Design and Rationale. This section focuses on the explanation and justification of the research design that was employed in this study. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design which involves both collecting quantitative data and then qualitative data. The qualitative data was used to further discuss and interpret the quantitative data results. This allowed for the exploration of the research question in-depth. According to Xxxxxxxx (2014), initially mixed methods were valuable due to the opinion that quantitative or qualitative methods alone were not strong enough or implausible; however, the application of both qualitative and quantitative approach help to eliminate these weaknesses. Thus, the qualitative database was supplemented by a quantitative database which in its turn will provide for a more accurate and elaborate findings (Xxxxxxxx, 2014). Taking aforementioned ideas into account, it was decided to employ mixed method for collecting quantitative data allowed covering a wide range sampling while qualitative data helped to interpret and explain quantitative data.
Sample 1
Research Design and Rationale. According to Xxxxxxxx (2014), “some quantitative research problems require that you explain how one variable affects another. By explaining the relation among variables, you are interested in determining whether one or more variables might influence another variable” (p. 27). In this study, there are multiple independent variables (mostly focused on social relationships) and one dependent variable of interest, the sense of belongingness of students. The independent variables in this study capture school climate and they are all taken from the 2018 PISA student and school surveys. The dependent variables in this study include the sense of belongingness item scores from the publicly available PISA 2018 student datasets. Individual level variables are defined as those that vary for each student, for example individual student experience of being bullied; whereas school-level variables are defined as those that vary for each respective student in that school, for example the extent to which a school reports to implement certain equity-related policies. Therefore, because of the nested nature of data in this study, multilevel modelling was employed as the primary method of analysis (Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2015). However, in the case that there would not be sufficient between-school variation in school climate and associated variables of interest, the appropriate method would default to a single-level form of multivariate analysis.
Sample 1
Research Design and Rationale. Choosing the Interpretivist paradigm aligns with qualitative research design that is used in this study. One of the key characteristics of the qualitative research discussed by Xxxxx (2002) was the exploration of a central phenomenon and the way it is explained, understood, experienced, produced or constituted. Its flexibility and sensitivity to various social contexts were also highlighted. In addition to this, it gives the possibility to take into account the complexity of an issue with regards to underlying circumstances. These features of the qualitative study perfectly match with the proposed research questions. What is essential, the qualitative methods are applied when there is a need for the in- depth understanding of the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem (Xxxxxxxxx, 2012). It will help one to see a detailed picture about the what, why and how the study participants think about equity issues and their feelings about existing policies in gifted education programs. This way the participants are provided the opportunity to describe the ideas and perspectives around this issue in depth. This study had the characteristics of both narrative and phenomenological theory research. Xxxxxxxx (2012) claims that “narrative study reports the stories of experiences of a single individual or several individuals, whereas a phenomenological study describes the common meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon” (p. 76). By means of the narrative form of the research, study participants can share their reflections on implementing gifted education programs within their schools, while the phenomenogical nature of the study allows to explore principals’ attitudes towards the phenomena of equity in gifted education policies.
Sample 1
Research Design and Rationale. Aiming at exploration of educational practices in the context of special education experience, this research study examined the phenomenon of inclusion as a concept of full equity of all children despite any physical or mental impairment, and their complete integration into the school society as active participants of its life. The study includes interviews with the teachers, lesson observations, field observations, conversations with the administration and document analysis. In order to explore relationships between people in this context, ethnography has been decided as best methodology to examine and understand the purpose of the research. It examines the full range of human emotions and interactions as well as beliefs within the community (Fields & Kafai, 2009). Ethnography is also described as an interpretative explanation or a complete immersion into the phenomenon enabling for a researcher to understand cultural context, values, personal beliefs and attitudes (Xxxx et al., 2009; Xxxxx & Xxxxx, 2005). The design of the study is a triangulation of methods such as semi- structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and direct observation of people, and places (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2008; Xxxxxxxx et al., 2010). Furthermore, the researcher is completely immersed into the field work and this makes the validity of this research richer.
Sample 1

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