Social observation Sample Clauses

Social observation. Another route through which learned nocebo effects can arise is social observation. Observing others can influence people’s own symptom reporting (Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Crombez, & Xxxxx, 2011). When an individual sees people developing symptoms from an exposure, it can impact their own symptom reporting to the same exposure through social modelling (Faasse & Xxxxxx, 2013). This has been demonstrated by Vogtle, Xxxxx, and Xxxxxx-Xxxxxx (2013) who showed that observing a person display more pain after application of an ointment on the skin, resulted in participants reporting significantly more pain during a pressure pain task after application of the same ointment. Faasse, Xxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, and Xxxxxx (2015) have also shown the impact of social observation by giving participants a sham beta-blocker medication for pre-examination anxiety and randomising them to witness a female confederate report either side effects or no side effects after taking the same medication. They found that female participants who saw the confederate report side effects reported significantly more symptoms than those who saw the confederate report no side effects. One of the most powerful examples of social observation contributing to nocebo effects is mass psychogenic illness (MPI). MPI is the outbreak of illness among a population which is thought to be attributable to a toxic agent but for which no organic source is found (Page et al., 2010). In essence this occurs when nocebo effects happen on a large scale. Incidents often begin with just an index case whose symptoms are then transmitted through a ‘social contagion’ in which the outbreak spreads along the ‘line of sight’ (Xxxxxxx, 1987). Those who do not witness the outbreak, tend to not become ill. After the trigger event is witnessed, e.g. someone fainting, this creates anxiety among the group of observers as they do not know what the problem is or what caused it. This anxiety can be symptom-inducing in itself as anxiety is often experienced as muscle spasms, nausea and chest pain (Xxxxxxx, 1987).
Sample 1
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Related to Social observation

  • Formal Observation The instructional employee and the principal/administrator shall review using the mid-year Reflection Questions in the evaluation manual – Student Achievement Outcomes and make adjustments as needed to increase the likelihood of a positive goal outcome.

  • Formal Observations 1. A minimum of two (2) formal observations shall be conducted to support the final summative evaluation. All formal observations shall last a minimum of thirty (30) consecutive minutes and will take place between September 15 and April 30. There will be a minimum of fifteen (15) work days between the first two (2) formal observations.

  • Informal Observation Additional evaluation of employees may occur through informal observations by the Employer. It may not be necessary to reduce such evaluations to writing, and a verbal discussion between the Employer and the employee concerning the informal observations may suffice. If a written evaluation is deemed necessary, Procedures C and D as outlined above shall be followed.

  • Informal Observations A. An informal observation is an observation that is not required to be pre-scheduled.

  • Classroom Observation Classroom observations shall be conducted at least once for all unit members who have not met the threshold for reappointment as defined in Section 10.02 of Article10. Effective fall 2006 classroom observations shall be conducted on DCE form E3. Classroom observations may be conducted for any unit member, at the discretion of the President of the College, or designee thereof, for stated written reasons. Results of said observation shall be communicated to the unit member in writing. The unit member shall be afforded the opportunity to discuss the classroom observation with the evaluator and to respond in writing.

  • Observations The Evaluator’s first observation of the Educator should take place by November 15. Observations required by the Educator Plan should be completed by May 15th. The Evaluator may conduct additional observations after this date. The Evaluator is not required nor expected to review all the indicators in a rubric during an observation.

  • Serious Illness Should a participant be unable to take the leave when scheduled because of serious injury or illness occurring before commencement of the leave, he/she may cancel the leave and receive payment as in Article 12.8.3.9 or, with the consent of the College, defer the leave to a time mutually agreeable, not to exceed one (1) year.

  • Observation The Town shall have the right to make reasonable engineering observations at the Developer's expense, as the Town may request. Observation, acquiescence in, or approval by any engineering inspector of the construction of physical facilities at any particular time shall not constitute the approval by the Town of any portion of the construction of such Public Improvements. Such approval shall be made by the Town only after completion of construction and in the manner hereinafter set forth.

  • Construction Observation The Consultant shall make periodic on-site observations of the Project in accordance with Exhibit A. The purpose of the on-site observations will be to observe the progress and quality of the construction work being carried on to determine if the work is proceeding in accordance with the Construction Documents. Unless otherwise stated in Exhibit A, the Consultant shall not be required to make exhaustive or continuous on-site observations to check the quality or quantity of the work.

  • Unannounced Observations i) Unannounced observations may be in the form of partial or full-period classroom visitations of not less than ten minutes duration.

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