WP2. In Task 2.1 a review of the regulatory framework for the integration of electrolysers into electric power grids was conducted. It was identified, that prescribed technical requirements for grid connection are not expected to be critical. It could be shown, that end-user prices for electricity are highly dependent on regulatory frameworks thus impacting the economic efficiency of electrolysers. This task was mainly conducted by IAEW. The second task of WP2 focused on re-evaluating the technical targets for the final design of the electrolyser. Emphasis was given to parameters that have direct impact on the acceptance of the system in potential future markets for electrolyser. The main parameters identified of significant importance are related to response time and maximum and minimum capacitiy. This task was mainly conducted by FHA.
Figure 1. Methodology overview, evaluation of business models
WP2. WP2 (Radio analog front-end for antenna beam steering) will cover the development of all the D-band analog frontend transceiver functional blocks, such as IQ-mixers, low-noise amplifiers, frequency multipliers, and power amplifiers, required to provide cost-efficient, high data rate wireless back- and front haul radio links. The design rely on the advanced 55nm BiCMOS technology of ST to cope with the integration of the complete D-band frontend on a single chip set to ensure cost effectiveness, compactness and amenability to mass fabrication. The main challenges lay in the achievement of ICs that enable a D-band radio with the bandwidth and performance defined in WP1, in close cooperation with WP3 in IC die-to-antenna feeding line transition co-design. Designed, fabricated and tested chips will be delivered to WP4 for integration, towards the demonstrator implemented within the activity defined in WP5.
WP2. Dynamical downscaling of ERA (SMHI) A current state-of-the art dynamical downscaling for an extended multi-year period will be made as part of EURO4M with a comparatively cheaper system computingwise, than developed in WP2.1. In this way, the first results of regional reanalysis can already be used within EURO4M for the products and services delivered in WP3. SMHI will complement the dynamical reanalysis by MO using the HIRLAM system. SMHI will perform HIRLAM 25 km dynamical reanalysis (HIRLAM-A programme). It will employ the HIRLAM 3D variational analysis and the HIRLAM grid point model for the assimilation (Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 2000 and Xxxxxxxx et al., 2001). Conventional observations (SYNOP, AIREP and AMDAR, buoys, TEMP) will be used as well as METEOSAT wind observations. The observed data will be analysed in 6 h windows and analyses will be produced every 6 h. The lateral boundary conditions will come from the global ERA-40 (1960-1988) or ERA-Interim (1989-2010) reanalysis. A large scale forcing may be applied every 12 or 24 h from those datasets, mainly in order to benefit from the use of satellite radiances in the ERA reanalyses which involved a lot of quality control and bias corrections. Those data are important for defining the large scale features present also inside the Limited Area chosen. This large scale forcing can be replaced by a large scale constraint, Jk that is being developed in HIRLAM. The HIRLAM reanalysis provides a downscaling from global resolution (125 km for ERA-40 and 80 km for ERA-Interim) to 25 km in the Limited Area. The increased resolution provides more detail and realism due to both the 3D-VAR analysis of observations but also to a great deal from the 25 km grid point model used in the forecast steps of the assimilation. WP2.3: 2D-mesoscale downscaling (MF) The 2D-mesoscale downscaling techniques used in this WP provide added value for surface and near-surface fields, because they are able to include additional observations and work in higher resolution than the regional reanalysis. SMHI will develop a 2D-downscaling system where features from the present SMHI system MESAN are utilized together with an improved description of predictors in combination with developments within the SAFRAN system at MF. In a pilot project in 2007, SMHI applied the present MESAN system to a 2D-downscaling for Europe (ERAMESAN) using ERA-40 as background (first guess) fields. In this WP the results from WP2.2 will be used as background fields f...
WP2. Setup and operation of GreenEcoNet Platform Task 2.1 - Assessment of the taxonomy adequacy to address information needs of potential users
WP2. SKA concept delineation. Building on the existing SKA Reference Design, and on prioritized science goals and technical updates to be available in early 2008, this task will outline an SKA concept which meets the majority of science requirements using technologies likely to be affordable over the next decade. The concept will outline stages in the capability development of the SKA and will include in-depth discussion of the SKA Phase 1 vision.
WP2. SKA Phase 1 sub-system specification and evaluation. This task will translate module-level specifications produced by the system design activity (WP2.1.9) into hardware specifications of sufficient detail to allow regional SKA groups to design and construct prototype hardware. This hardware will be broadly similar to that produced within Pathfinder and Design Studies but will reflect another level of optimization for the SKA Phase 1 application. WP2.2.1 will evaluate prototypes produced by WP2.4 – WP2.8, this evaluation being part of the SKA Phase 1 1DR (design review) and the basis of the Initial Verification System (WP2.
WP2 low-noise amplifiers, in which a variety of integrated circuit processes will be employed to produce low-cost cm-wave amplifiers with noise equivalent temperatures rivalling those hitherto found only in more expensive, and often one-off, radio astronomy solutions. SKADS will have produced detailed reports on the relative performance of ambient temperature LNA designs and technologies for phased arrays; WP2.
WP2 and timing distribution. Accurate time and phase transfer is essential for the SKA, and this task will develop and refine cost-effective techniques to ensure picosecond accuracy across the Array. By building on the work already conducted in SKADS and the US, demonstration systems will be built and a clear implementation strategy, probably involving several technical solutions, expounded.
WP2 station digital signal processing. This task will provide the design for a cost and power-effective DSP solution capable of linking various receptor technologies within an SKA station. The architecture of this system will be vital to providing observational flexibility for the SKA. Initially drawing on the expertise of the participants and reviewing the most appropriate semiconductor technologies, a prototype will be built. It is likely that the production system will use custom devices to optimize performance, cost and power requirements; these will be specified within this task. Algorithms for the station DSP functions will also be developed and tested. A particular requirement is to develop the hardware calibration methodology to provide the high integrity signal path required by the SKA. This task will link closely with the correlator development in WP2.8.2, and indeed it is likely that some of the correlator functions will be performed within the station DSP. The final deliverable will be a costed hardware design, inclusive of a suite of demonstrated algorithm design solutions.
