Determinants. Comparison of non-users with users showed that antibiotic use was higher among children (<18 years), individuals of Javanese ethnicity and those with health insurance (Table 4). The analysis was repeated with non-users versus users including the individuals who had possibly taken an antibiotic. This did not change the findings significantly. In another analysis, the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of 398 individuals who used antibiotics on prescription were compared with those of 74 individuals with self-medication (Table 5). Being adult, male and living in an urban area were the strongest associated factors. No differences were found in the type of complaints between individuals on self-medication and those using antibiotics on prescription. Tetracyclines were the only antibiotics that were significantly more often self-medicated than prescribed (OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.05- 8.4).
Determinants. The Commission could provide a number of services within HealthData@EU, including supporting the exchange of information amongst health data access bodies and authorised participants for the handling of cross-border access requests, maintaining catalogues of electronic health data available through the infrastructure, network discoverability and metadata queries, connectivity and compliance services. The Commission may also set up a secure environment, allowing data from different national infrastructures to be transmitted and analysed, at the request of the controllers. ▌For the sake of IT efficiency, rationalisation and interoperability of data exchanges, existing systems for data sharing should be reused as much as possible, like those being built for the exchange of evidences under the once only technical system of Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 of the European Parliament and of the Council14.
Determinants. The process of defining the network begins with analyzing the determinants that will drive the growth of the active transportation program. To date, much of the network has taken advantage of opportunities such as rail to trail conversions and natural assets like the dunes. These factors are still major determinants today. But now many other determinants drive the development of the network. This task will analyze the factors that will influence the planning and gradual development of a truly connected Northwest Indiana region.
Determinants. 4.3.1.1 Institutional determinants To examine the effect of institutional regulations over the series, the topics of some units are reviewed. Unit9 from Backpack3 about sports is considered one of the most biased units in the series. However, if compared to institutional constrains, it is evident that this stereotype is declined. This is inferred through several practices. First, in Bahraini schools, both genders have the same number of sports classes and curriculums (Ministry of Education, 2016a). Second, for all sports, there is a national club for women as well as men, and women are highly encouraged by the Supreme Council for Women in Bahrain to an extent that Women’s Day in 2012 was dedicated for sports (General Organisation for Youth and Sports, 2012). Third, women athletes are highly fortified in Bahrain, and there are several international Bahraini women champions such as Ruqaya Alghasara. In the textbooks, only one Bahraini man athlete is mentioned. The same is applicable to inventions. The unit represents men as the only gender that is capable of inventing. However, in Bahrain, women are highly encouraged to invent. An example of notable inventors is Xxxxx Xx Xxxxx who has become the first ambassador for invention in the Arab world and received governmental support and recognition (Bahrain News Agency, 2014). Therefore, on an institutional level, women are encouraged in sports and inventions, which contradicts with the message embedded by textbooks. The same is applicable to handcrafts and caregiving. Bahraini schools are committed, in all educational levels, to teach students, of both genders, compulsory and selective courses for handcrafts and caregiving, and one example is teaching infant caregiving for students in their 10th class (Ministry of Education, 2016b). However, “natural” order of mentioning men first is maintained through all official institutions, which is mainly attributed to the cultural dimension of Arabic language used in Bahrain. One example can be found in this official governmental webpage that gives a brief overview about education in Bahrain. Figure4: A list of private schools in Bahrain (Xxxxxxx.xx, 2016)
