The Theory of Planned Behavior Sample Clauses

The Theory of Planned Behavior. (TPB) While the TRA maintains that intention is the predictor of behavior, one caveat to that is the required volitional control under which the behavior (also considered a goal to be obtained) must be. However, control over a behavioral goal is not always complete therefore the TRA may be insufficient in certain cases where internal factors (such as knowledge, skills, and abilities) and/or external factors (such as time and opportunity) interfere with control. Thus, the TPB extends the TRA by including the concept of behavioral control (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). This self-efficacy belief (perceived behavioral control) can influence choice of, preparation for, and maintenance of any given behavior, including EBF (Ajzen, 1991). This construct can be applied in two ways. First, perceived behavioral control can affect behavioral intention which can predict behavioral goal attainment. Secondly, perceived behavioral control can be used as a proxy for actual control, depending on the accuracy of the perceptions, and thus directly predict the behavioral attainment (Ajzen, 1991). The relationship between the constructs, intention, and behavior is illustrated in Figure 1. According to Horodynski et al., TPB provides a framework for understanding women‘s perceptions of infant feeding by being ―useful in predicting and understanding motivational influences on behavior that are not totally under a person‘s control‖ (Horodynski et al., 2007).
Sample 1
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The Theory of Planned Behavior. As entrepreneurship is a planned behavior (Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2014), it can be examined using formal models of intentions (Xxxxxxx Xx & Xxxxxxx, 1994). Planning and thinking precedes the creation of one’s own venture. Ajzen (1985) developed a model to predict the human social behavior, being the Theory of Planned Behavior. According to Xxxxx (1985) almost everything people do is planned. Some actions become so habitual that they can be described as a routine rather than a plan, but other plans require a more detailed specification (Ajzen, 1985). The following two examples will be used to clarify this distinction. A planned behavior of an entrepreneur perceived as a routine could be driving to his office. As it is something he needs to do on a daily basis, he will no longer experience this as something he plans. However, a behavior the entrepreneur will need to plan in greater detail could be opening a new division of his company. Nevertheless, whether it is a routine or a plan that demands more thought, both have a common ground. They serve the achievement of a goal. And this goal-directed drive led to the well-known Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). The theory sets out what drives the actual behavior of people. As shown in figure 1 people undertake actions because of the intentions they have. To give an example, if people want to determine their own working schedule this may motivate them to become an entrepreneur. The same may happen if a person believes he or she would perform better when managing his or her own business. In addition to people’s motivations, the resources of the intentions and requisite opportunities (Behavioral Control) play an essential role (Ajzen, 1991). These represent the ability to perform the behavior. A combination of these intentions and people’s ability explain their actions taken or their achieved behavior (Xxxxxxxx, xxx Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxx, 2015). The continuation of this literature review will cover all the different aspects of the Theory of Planned behavior and will be concluded with implementing the theory of Xxxxxxx (1998) in the TPB. Figure 1 (Xxxxx & Xxxxxx, 1986, p. 458) illustrates the three factors that influence intention which will in turn influence a person’s behavior: attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Xxxxxxxx et al. (2015) states that the effect of these three antecedents on the achieved behavior is mediated by intentions. Nevertheless, PBC also directly affects the actua...
Sample 1
The Theory of Planned Behavior. Most existing studies that have examined blood donation decision-making are based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which links beliefs and behavior. Since its introduction, TPB “has emerged as one of the most influential and popular conceptual frameworks for the study of human behavior” (Xxxxx, 2002, p. 665). This framework has been used in studies of the relations among behavioral intentions, attitudes, and beliefs in various fields such as public relations, advertising campaigns, and healthcare (Ajzen, 1991). Various research topics have been addressed using the TPB, including: seatbelt use, consumer behavior, drug use, exercise, smoking, and workplace choices. Identifying and measuring these variables can assist in understanding what factors African American blood donors hold as important in their formation of intentions to donate blood and, specifically, to become repeat blood donors. In 2001, a meta-analytic review reported that 185 independent studies had been published applying TPB (Armitage & Xxxxxx, 2001). The review provided evidence supporting the use of the theory of planned behavior and found that the TPB accounted for predicting 27% and 39% of the variance in an individual’s intention and behavior, respectively. The TPB has been applied across a wide range of behavioral domains since its beginnings in the 1980s; however, only in the last decade has its application been seen in the area of blood donations. The TPB is based on the assumption that humans are rational, and deliberately use the information available to them to form and guide their intentions to perform a behavior (Xxxxx, Albarracin, & Xxxxxx, 2007). Intention, a key component of the theory, is defined simply as the subjective probability that an individual will perform some behavior; furthermore, “intentions are assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence a behavior” (Xxxxx, 1991, p. 181). In the broad sense, the more favorable the attitude and subjective norm, and the greater the perceived control, the stronger a person’s intention will be to go through with the behavior in question (Xxxxx, 1985). Consequently, these variables (e.g., attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) are viewed as predictors of intention. The subjective norm variable involves providing information to an individual, which may come from different sources (family members, public health officials, etc.). Not many studies on blood donations examine how information abou...
Sample 1

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