Accumulators primary cells and primary batteries; Electric lamps and lighting equipment Insulated wire and cable Electricity distribution and control apparatus Electric motors, generators and transformers Thousands Source: Quantec. Downloaded from xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxx.xx.xx in July 2023. Note: Employment statistics for accumulators, primary cells, and primary batteries; and electric lamps and lighting equipment was not reported in 2017 and 2018. Employment in the generator and transformer industry in South Africa is centralised in urban areas, particularly in Gauteng. The industry has been experiencing a shift towards skilled and highly skilled workers (WOW, 2022a). At the same time, the energy sector in South Africa has a skills shortage within manufacturing, while Eskom has been losing workers in its generation department (WOW, 2022b). The insulated wires and cables industry in South Africa also faces a general shortage of skills, particularly technical skills (WOW, 2019). Reduction in expenditure at large state-owned enterprises has resulted in losses of technically skilled professionals to the international market, while skilled labour that remains in the industry nears retirement, with most being 15 years away from retirement. This indicates a prospective skills shortage within the industry (WOW, 2019). According to the World Economic Forum, “the battery industry in South Africa faces a human capital cost as raw materials for batteries are extracted at a high human and environmental toll, this includes child labour, health, and safety hazards in informal work as well as poverty and pollution” (WOW, 2021:11). This industry is characterised by multiple challenges including a general lack of good sales and marketing skills, a shortage of technical skills and experienced staff. In the electronic vehicle manufacturing industry, there is a demand to upskill technicians to ease the transition to electronic vehicles (WOW, 2021). Within the electric lamps and lighting equipment industry, ACTOM instituted a technical training centre for artisans which provides apprenticeship training in electrical and mechanical trade to applicants that have N2 (ACTOM, 2023). The Illumination Engineering Society of South Africa developed training courses for continual professional development with the Engineering Council of South Africa, with courses ranging from basic light fitting to more specialised courses such as outdoor lighting design (WOW, 2020). The Department of Mineral Resources ...
Accumulators. One low pressure fill accumulator 11,000 gallon capacity, rated at 100 psi; one medium pressure air ballast accumulator 160 gallon usable capacity, 1900 gallon total capacity, 3000 psi working pressure; two high pressure air ballast accumulators, one 160 gallon capacity usable, 1900 gallon total, 3000 psi working pressure, one 95 gallon usable capacity, 1150 gallon total capacity, 3000 psi working pressure; one filter water supply tank 1750 gallon capacity; one low pressure air ballast prefill accumulator 2200 gallon capacity, 150 psi working pressure; one expand water storage tank 63,000 gallon capacity.
Accumulators. Generate the accumulator key ak = Gen(1κ, κ) and give it to all parties. Verifiable Random Functions. When describing our protocol, we assume that parties have available via a trusted setup efficient algorithms ComProve and ComVer that allow them to prove and verify membership of a committee, and we do not make this explicit in our protocol (this can typically be achieved via a VRF setup).
Accumulators. Generate the accumulator key ak = Gen(1κ, κ) and give it to all parties. We now describe the protocol. In our description, we refer to Cb as the committee for the i-th round of an execution of BA(1) for the bit b. We denote as C∗ a special committee (also selected at random ComProve) whose members are designated to perform the forwarding step in our protocol. In the following description, we will use two sub-protocols, Encode and Rec, which are based on RS codes. We specify them relative to tκ which in our protocol is set as tκ = (1 + ε) κ . – Encode(m). Given a message of size l, it divides the message into b blocks, and computes n codewords (s1, . . . , sn) using RS codes, such that even when tκ values are erased, one can recover the original message. – Rec(Si, ak, z, tκ) removes incorrect values sj in Si that cannot be verified by the witness wj and accumulation value z. And then reconstructs the message using RS code, where at most tκ values are removed. 5 This is a somewhat simplified discussion; the adversary may still equivocate a message on behalf of the newly corrupted party. The protocol in [1] introduces a special technique to get around this issue. Protocol ΠsprBA Let tκ = |(1 + ε) κ ∫. The protocol is described from the point of view of party Pi who holds an l-bit input message mi.
