Urban Areas. In territorial terms, only 1.3% of Ireland is defined as Predominantly Urban (PU) in the Eurostat definition compared to an EU average of 10%. Cohesion policy stresses the role of urban investment, in support of territorial cohesion objectives, through integrated urban actions. Urban areas are recognised as engines for economic growth and as hubs for knowledge, creativity and innovation. On the other hand, particular challenges such as congestion, degradation and concentrations of disadvantage are prevalent in urban areas. Under the Investment for Growth and Jobs goal, a minimum of 5% of ERDF resources must be allocated to integrated actions for sustainable urban development (SUD). In Ireland the principal strategic framework for urban policy is the National Spatial Strategy (NSS) 2002-2020, which provides a 20 year planning framework and a hierarchy of designated growth centres. The key objectives of the NSS are set out hereunder. These align very well with the overall goals for the European Structural and Investment Funds: Sustain economic and employment growth; Improve competitiveness; Xxxxxx balanced regional development; Improve quality of life for all; and Maintain and enhance quality and diversity of natural environment and cultural heritage.
Urban Areas. 1:2000, 1:2500, 1: 4800, 1:5000, or 1:10000 metric / Rural Areas – 1: 12,500 metric (1: 50,000 and written details where map scale is not available.
Urban Areas. (summary)
P1.1 ‘Quality of the public outdoor space is low’
Urban Areas. “Urban areas” of interest are the geographic area for the urbanized area6 or urban cluster7 as delineated by the Bureau of the Census from the 2000 Census for the places listed below. Coverage for an area by the applicant. Albany, NY Albuquerque, NM Allentown – Bethlehem, Amarillo, TX Anchorage, AK Atlanta, GA Augusta, GA Augusta, ME Austin, TX Bakersfield. CA Baltimore – Annapolis, MD Barre – Montpelier, VT Baton Rouge, LA Birmingham, AL Bismarck, ND Boise, ID Boston, MA Bridgeport – Stamford, CT Buffalo, NY Cape Coral, FL Carson City, NV Charleston – North Char SC Charleston, WV Charlotte, NC Chattanooga, TN Cheyenne, WY larger than that delineated by th El Paso, TX Flint, MI PA Frankfort, KY Fresno, CA Ft. Xxxxx, IN Grand Rapids, MI Greensboro – Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, PA Hartford, CT Helena, MT Honolulu, HI Houston, TX Huntsville, AL Indianapolis, IN Jackson, MS Jacksonville, FL Jefferson City, MO Juneau, AK Kansas City, MO-KS Knoxville, TN Lancaster, PA xxxxxx, Lansing, MI Las Vegas, NV Lexington, KY Lincoln, NE Little Rock, AR Los Angeles – Xxxxxxx e Bureau of the Census may be New Haven, CT New Orleans – Meta New York – Newark Norfolk – Chesape News – Virginia Oklahoma City, OK Salem, NC Olympia, WA Omaha, NE Orlando, FL Oxnard, CA Palm Bay – Melbou Pensacola, FL Philadelphia, PA Phoenix – Glendale Pierre, SD Pittsburgh, PA Portland, OR Poughkeepsie – Ne Providence, RI Raleigh – Durham, Reno, NV Richmond, VA Riverside – San Ber Rochester, NY Sacramento, CA Salem, OR e – Long Salt Lake City – Ogd proposed irie, LA , NY ake – Newport Beach, VA rne, FL – Mesa, AZ wburgh, NY NC nardino, CA Chicago, IL Cincinnati, OH Beach – Huntington Beach – Santa Xxx – Anaheim, CA San Antonio, TX San Diego, CA en, UT Cleveland – Akron, OH Colorado Springs, CO Columbia, SC Columbus, GA Columbus, OH Concord, NH Louisville, KY Lubbock, TX Madison, WI McAllen, TX Memphis, TN Miami – Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Urban Areas. Changes in land use patterns in urban areas potentially include the creation of extensive impermeable areas, which have potential implications for the concentration of run-off. Thus the following data sets have been examined: - IPGS data: airport / aerodrome, industrial or commercial areas, urban fabric - CLC data: discontinuous urban fabric, sport and leisure facilities - CRIGE data: continuous, discontinuous and diffuse urban fabric, industrial and commercial units, airports All of the data sets show an increase in urban areas. The IPGS data demonstrates an increase in the urban areas of two thirds during the period 1974 to 2004. This seems not to correlate well with the limited increase in the population (see Section 5.1.1), but might be due in large part to the increase in tourism activities (Figure 16). The CLC data indicates that urban areas have more than doubled between 1990 and 2006, from 272 ha to 596ha (Figure 17), while the CRIGE data suggests a stable situation at 1039 ha for the period 1999 to 2006 (Figure 18). Unchanged urban area Desurbanized area Urbanized area
Urban Areas. Figure 1: 30 Urban areas considered in Esperantia, each with a circle whose radius is proportional to population size1. Esperantia encompasses 30 urban areas: two main urban areas with 4 and 2 million inhabitants each, and 28 minor urban areas between 2 and 984 thousand inhabitants. Figure 1 shows with purple crosses the points associated to the urban areas, while magenta circles centred in the pur- ple crosses have a radius which is proportional to the population size of each urban area. The next table summarises the relative vertical and horizontal position of the urban areas in km with respect to the upper left corner and the population of the urban areas. 1 The underlying image is fiction and it has no meaning. It has been added just to give a more understandable view with respect to white background. UA5 47,55 36,24 47401 UA12 59,75 88,40 54791 UA14 72,83 57,67 2191 UA20 87,25 93,35 70684
Urban Areas. 2.2.4.1.1 Dependencies on other urban areas Figure 21: Degradation profiles for UA1—UA6 with respect to the dependencies on other urban areas.
2.2.4.1.2 Dependencies on power distribution Figure 22: Degradation profiles for UA1—UA6 with respect to the dependencies on power.
2.2.4.1.3 Dependencies on Telecommunication Network Figure 23: Degradation profiles for UA1—UA6 with respect to the dependencies on TLC.
Urban Areas. One of the assumptions made in 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 is the non-urban nature of the overflown area. If the same operations are envisaged in an urban environment, the requirements become substantially more stringent (standard scenarios S01 and S02, see section 3.4.2.3). First of all, the maximum allowed take-off mass drops to 4 kg, then the maximum distance from the pilot drops to 100 m. Keeping in consideration also the buffer area (30m for S01, 50m for S02) that often results in major limitations for urban environments, the recommendation for MOMIT is to plan the demonstrators out of urban areas.
Urban Areas. (development actions)
